lire
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English lire, lyre, from Old English līra (“any fleshy part of the body, muscle, calf of the leg”), from Proto-Germanic *ligwizô, *lihwizô (“thigh, groin”), from Proto-Indo-European *lekʷs-, *lewks- (“groin”). Cognate with Dutch lies (“groin”), Swedish lår (“thigh”).
Noun edit
lire (plural lires)
- (UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Flesh, brawn, or muscle; the fleshy part of a person or animal in contradistinction to the bone and skin.
- (UK dialectal, Scotland) The fleshy part of a roast capon, etc. as distinguished from a limb or joint.
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English lire, lyre, from Old Norse hlýr (“cheeks”, plural). Compare Middle English lere, from Old English hlēor (“cheek, countenance, complexion”). More at leer.
Noun edit
lire (plural lires)
- (UK dialectal, Scotland) The cheek.
- (UK dialectal, Scotland) Face; appearance of the face or skin; complexion; hue.
Etymology 3 edit
From Old Norse líri. Cognate with Norwegian lira.
Noun edit
lire (plural lires)
- (UK dialectal, Scotland, Orkney, Shetland, ornithology) The Manx shearwater (bird).
Etymology 4 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
lire
Anagrams edit
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old French lire, from Latin legere, from Proto-Italic *legō, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-.
Verb edit
lire
- (transitive, intransitive) to read
- (reflexive, se lire) to be read
Conjugation edit
infinitive | simple | lire | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | lisant /li.zɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | lu /ly/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | lis /li/ |
lis /li/ |
lit /li/ |
lisons /li.zɔ̃/ |
lisez /li.ze/ |
lisent /liz/ |
imperfect | lisais /li.zɛ/ |
lisais /li.zɛ/ |
lisait /li.zɛ/ |
lisions /li.zjɔ̃/ |
lisiez /li.zje/ |
lisaient /li.zɛ/ | |
past historic2 | lus /ly/ |
lus /ly/ |
lut /ly/ |
lûmes /lym/ |
lûtes /lyt/ |
lurent /lyʁ/ | |
future | lirai /li.ʁe/ |
liras /li.ʁa/ |
lira /li.ʁa/ |
lirons /li.ʁɔ̃/ |
lirez /li.ʁe/ |
liront /li.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | lirais /li.ʁɛ/ |
lirais /li.ʁɛ/ |
lirait /li.ʁɛ/ |
lirions /li.ʁjɔ̃/ |
liriez /li.ʁje/ |
liraient /li.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | lise /liz/ |
lises /liz/ |
lise /liz/ |
lisions /li.zjɔ̃/ |
lisiez /li.zje/ |
lisent /liz/ |
imperfect2 | lusse /lys/ |
lusses /lys/ |
lût /ly/ |
lussions /ly.sjɔ̃/ |
lussiez /ly.sje/ |
lussent /lys/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | lis /li/ |
— | lisons /li.zɔ̃/ |
lisez /li.ze/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Haitian Creole: li
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Italian lira, compare French livre.
Noun edit
lire f (plural lires)
- lira (unit of currency)
Further reading edit
- “lire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Italian edit
Noun edit
lire f
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Low German.
Noun edit
lire f (definite singular lira, indefinite plural lirer, definite plural lirene)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse líri m, likely onomatopoetic.
Noun edit
lire f (definite singular lira, indefinite plural lirer, definite plural lirene)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Italian plural of lira, from Latin libra (“pound, weight”). Doublet of lira.
Noun edit
lire m (definite singular liren, indefinite plural lirar or lire, definite plural lirane)
- (numismatics) lira (currency of Italy)
References edit
- “lire” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French edit
Etymology edit
From Latin legere, present active infinitive of legō.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
lire
- (transitive, intransitive) to read
- (reflexive, se lire) to be read
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | lire | avoir leü, lit | |||||
gerund | en lisant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | lisant | ||||||
past participle | leü, lit | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | li | lis | list | lisons | lisiez | lisent |
imperfect | lisoie, liseie | lisoies, liseies | lisoit, liseit | lisiiens, lisiens | lisiiez, lisiez | lisoient, liseient | |
preterite | lui, lis | leüs, lesis | lut, list | leümes, lesimes | leüstes, lesistes | lurent, listrent | |
future | lirai | liras | lira | lirons | liroiz, lireiz, lirez | liront | |
conditional | liroie, lireie | liroies, lireies | liroit, lireit | liriiens, liriens | liriiez, liriez | liroient, lireient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | lise | lises | lise | lisiens, lisons | lisiez | lisent |
imperfect | leüsse, lesisse | leüsses, lesisses | leüst, lesist | leüssons, leüssiens, lesissons, lesissiens | leüssoiz, leüssez, leüssiez, lesissoiz, lesissez, lesissiez | leüssent, lesissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | lis | — | lisons | lisiez | — |
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- French: lire
Further reading edit
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (lire)