local
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English local, from Late Latin locālis (“belonging to a place”), possibly also via Old French local; ultimately from Latin locus (“a place”).
The ring-theoretic senses derive from Krull, who first referred to Noetherian commutative rings with a unique maximal ideal as "Stellenring" (Stellen (“place”) + ring) in 1938.[1] The term was inspired by algebraic geometry, where local rings encode information about the behavior of curves (surfaces, etc.) at points; hence, describe "local" behavior.
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈləʊkl̩/
- (General American) enPR: lōk′əl, IPA(key): /ˈloʊkl̩/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -əʊkəl
Adjective edit
local (comparative more local, superlative most local)
- From or in a nearby location.
- 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
- Not unnaturally, “Auntie” took this communication in bad part. […] Next day she […] tried to recover her ward by the hair of the head. Then, thwarted, the wretched creature went to the police for help; she was versed in the law, and had perhaps spared no pains to keep on good terms with the local constabulary.
- 2012 December 1, “An internet of airborne things”, in The Economist, volume 405, number 8813, page 3 (Technology Quarterly):
- A farmer could place an order for a new tractor part by text message and pay for it by mobile money-transfer. A supplier many miles away would then take the part to the local matternet station for airborne dispatch via drone.
- (computing, of a resource) Connected directly to a particular computer, processor, etc.; able to be accessed offline.
- Antonym: remote
- local disk drive
- local file
- The panel shows both local and remote sites.
- (computing, of a variable or identifier) Having limited scope (either lexical or dynamic); only accessible within a certain portion of a program.
- Antonym: global
- (mathematics, not comparable, of a condition or property) Applying to or satisfied by substructures understood as "near points;" in particular:
- (topology) Satisfied by at least one open neighborhood of every point.
- A Hausdorff space satisfying local compactness need not be (globally) compact!
- (topology) Satisfied by arbitrarily small open neighborhoods of every point.
- (group theory, of a property of an infinite group) Satisfied by every finitely generated subgroup.
- (topology) Satisfied by at least one open neighborhood of every point.
- (mathematics, not comparable, of a condition or property) Detectable from the behavior of substructures understood to be "near points;" in particular:
- (algebra, algebraic geometry, of a property of a ring (or an -module )) Such that the following conditions are equivalent: (1) holds for ( ); (2) holds for the localization ( ) for all prime ideals of ; (3) holds for the localization ( ) for all maximal ideals of .
- Flatness is a local property.
- (group theory, of a property of a finite group) Detectable from the behavior of the normalizers of the nontrivial p-subgroups.
- (algebra, algebraic geometry, of a property of a ring (or an -module )) Such that the following conditions are equivalent: (1) holds for ( ); (2) holds for the localization ( ) for all prime ideals of ; (3) holds for the localization ( ) for all maximal ideals of .
- (algebra, of a ring) Having a unique maximal (left) ideal.
- (medicine) Of or pertaining to a restricted part of an organism.
- Synonym: topical
- local lesion
- The patient didn't want to be sedated, so we applied only local anesthesia.
- Descended from an indigenous population.
- Hawaiian Pidgin is spoken by the local population.
Translations edit
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Noun edit
local (plural locals)
- A person who lives near a given place.
- It's easy to tell the locals from the tourists.
- 2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 66:
- Taunton station is busy - even more so when the inbound working of my Bristol train arrives, laden with the usual mix of 'staycationers' and locals.
- A branch of a nationwide organization such as a trade union.
- I'm in the TWU, too. Local 6.
- (rail transport) Clipping of local train.
- (British) One's nearest or regularly frequented public house or bar.
- I got barred from my local, so I've started going all the way into town for a drink.
- 2010, “Nothing”, in Science & Faith, performed by The Script:
- As they take me to my local down the street.
- (programming) A locally scoped identifier.
- Functional programming languages usually don't allow changing the immediate value of locals once they've been initialized, unless they're explicitly marked as being mutable.
- 2012, Cesar Otero, Rob Larsen, Professional jQuery, page 25:
- Globals are visible anywhere in your application, whereas locals are visible only in the function in which they're declared.
- (US, slang, journalism) An item of news relating to the place where the newspaper is published.
- (colloquial, medicine) Clipping of local anesthetic.
- 1989, Road House, page 39:
- Well, Mr. Dalton, you may add nine staples to your dossier of thirty‐one broken bones, two bullet wounds, nine puncture wounds and four steel screws. That’s an estimate, of course. I’ll give you a local.
- (finance) An independent trader who acts for themselves rather than on behalf of investors.
- Synonym: floor trader
- 2009, R. Stafford Johnson, Bond Evaluation, Selection, and Management, page 316:
- On most futures exchanges, there are two major types of futures traders/members: commission brokers and locals.
- (fandom slang, derogatory) A Twitter user who is not a part of Stan Twitter.
- 2018, Max Ghasserani, "Spill The Tea On A Sister Skinny Legend", The Investigator (Green Valley High School, Henderson, NV), October 2018, page 25:
- Her camera roll is filled with pictures and videos of her idol, she doesn't let any of her friends see her account because "no locals allowed", […]
- 2018 October 16, Fergal Smiddy, “The 6 Types of People You Meet on Twitter”, in University Express, University College Cork, Ireland, page 11:
- Locals are characterised by their seeming lack of involvement or ~expertise~ on the platform.
- 2019, Avin Abelardo, "Deep Dive Into The World Of Troll Twitter Memes", Echoes (University of the Philippines), February/March 2019, page 60:
- Heck, even locals sometimes use GIFs of her when they feel like tweeting with taste.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:local.
- 2018, Max Ghasserani, "Spill The Tea On A Sister Skinny Legend", The Investigator (Green Valley High School, Henderson, NV), October 2018, page 25:
Translations edit
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Adverb edit
local (comparative more local, superlative most local)
- In the local area; within a city, state, country, etc.
- It's never been more important to buy local.
- 2016, Vinod K. Jain, Global Strategy: Competing in the Connected Economy, page 122:
- Coca-Cola, for example, shifted its stance, unsuccessfully, between “think global, act global” and “think local, act local” during the tenures of three different CEOs in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Derived terms edit
- all politics are local
- all politics is local
- ambilocal
- antilocal
- bilocal
- collocal
- duolocal
- equilocal
- extralocal
- glocal
- hyperlocal
- interlocal
- Kharchia local
- local administrative unit
- local anaesthetic
- local area network
- local attraction
- local authority
- local battery
- local board
- Local Bubble
- local cell
- local circuit
- local class
- local color
- local colour
- local derby
- local exchange carrier
- Local Fluff
- local gigantism
- local government
- Local Group
- local hero
- localhost
- Local Interstellar Cloud
- localise
- localish
- localism
- localist
- localite
- localitis
- locality
- localization
- localize
- local lane
- local loop
- locally
- local maximum
- local minimum
- localness
- local option
- local preacher
- local radio
- local ring
- local taxi
- local time
- Local Volume
- localvore
- locavore
- locsiton
- matrilocal
- matrilocality
- microlocal
- multilocal
- neolocal
- nonlocal
- patrilocal
- patrilocality
- plurilocal
- quasilocal
- semilocal
- supralocal
- translocal
- ultralocal
- unlocal
- virilocal
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Krull, Wolfgang. "Dimensionstheorie in Stellenringen [47]". Volume 1+2, edited by Paulo Ribenboim, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1999, pp. 730-734. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110801026.730
Further reading edit
- “local”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “local”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “local”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Anagrams edit
Asturian edit
Adjective edit
local (epicene, plural locales)
- Alternative form of llocal
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus. First attested in 1803.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
local m or f (masculine and feminine plural locals)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Noun edit
local m (plural locals)
References edit
- ^ “local”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
Further reading edit
- “local” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “local” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “local” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Chinese edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
local
- (Hong Kong Cantonese or overseas Mandarin) local (people, as opposed to foreigners)
References edit
Fala edit
Etymology edit
From Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
local (plural locais)
Noun edit
local m (plural locais)
References edit
French edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
local (feminine locale, masculine plural locaux, feminine plural locales)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Noun edit
local m (plural locaux)
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “local”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Galician edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus.
Adjective edit
local m or f (plural locais)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Noun edit
local m (plural locais)
References edit
- “local” in DIGALEGO - Dicionario de Galego, Ir Indo 2004, Xunta de Galicia 2013.
- “local” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
- “local” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
Ladin edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
local m (feminine singular locala, masculine plural locai, feminine plural locales)
Lombard edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
local (plural locai)
Piedmontese edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
local
Noun edit
local m
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus. Cognate with the inherited lugar.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
local m or f (plural locais)
Noun edit
local m (plural locais)
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French local, Late Latin localis. By surface analysis, loc + -al.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
local m or n (feminine singular locală, masculine plural locali, feminine and neuter plural locale)
Declension edit
Related terms edit
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus. Compare the inherited doublet lugar.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
local m or f (masculine and feminine plural locales)
Derived terms edit
Noun edit
local m (plural locales)
- premises, rooms
- (Mexico) store or other retail unit in a shopping center
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “local”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014