moisir
French edit
Etymology edit
| Comments |
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The oi is unusual, as Latin ū generally yields /y/ (hence one might have expected *muisir), but compare the developments foison, froment, oignon < Latin fūsiōnem, frūmentum, ūniōnem. The final -ir < Latin -ēre on the other hand is regular and results from the palatalization of the preceding -c- to *[d͡zʲ], as in gésir, loisir, plaisir < Latin iacēre, licēre, placēre. |
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
moisir
- (ergative) (to cause) to go mouldy, to moulder
- (informal) to hang around, to gather dust
Conjugation edit
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of moisir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | moisir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | moisissant /mwa.zi.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | moisi /mwa.zi/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | moisis /mwa.zi/ |
moisis /mwa.zi/ |
moisit /mwa.zi/ |
moisissons /mwa.zi.sɔ̃/ |
moisissez /mwa.zi.se/ |
moisissent /mwa.zis/ |
| imperfect | moisissais /mwa.zi.sɛ/ |
moisissais /mwa.zi.sɛ/ |
moisissait /mwa.zi.sɛ/ |
moisissions /mwa.zi.sjɔ̃/ |
moisissiez /mwa.zi.sje/ |
moisissaient /mwa.zi.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | moisis /mwa.zi/ |
moisis /mwa.zi/ |
moisit /mwa.zi/ |
moisîmes /mwa.zim/ |
moisîtes /mwa.zit/ |
moisirent /mwa.ziʁ/ | |
| future | moisirai /mwa.zi.ʁe/ |
moisiras /mwa.zi.ʁa/ |
moisira /mwa.zi.ʁa/ |
moisirons /mwa.zi.ʁɔ̃/ |
moisirez /mwa.zi.ʁe/ |
moisiront /mwa.zi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | moisirais /mwa.zi.ʁɛ/ |
moisirais /mwa.zi.ʁɛ/ |
moisirait /mwa.zi.ʁɛ/ |
moisirions /mwa.zi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
moisiriez /mwa.zi.ʁje/ |
moisiraient /mwa.zi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | moisisse /mwa.zis/ |
moisisses /mwa.zis/ |
moisisse /mwa.zis/ |
moisissions /mwa.zi.sjɔ̃/ |
moisissiez /mwa.zi.sje/ |
moisissent /mwa.zis/ |
| imperfect2 | moisisse /mwa.zis/ |
moisisses /mwa.zis/ |
moisît /mwa.zi/ |
moisissions /mwa.zi.sjɔ̃/ |
moisissiez /mwa.zi.sje/ |
moisissent /mwa.zis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | moisis /mwa.zi/ |
— | moisissons /mwa.zi.sɔ̃/ |
moisissez /mwa.zi.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “moisir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.