mu-
Cebuano edit
Etymology edit
Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *-um-. See mo-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
- alternative form of mo-
See also edit
Kamba edit
Alternative forms edit
Prefix edit
mu-
- you plural (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)
Kambera edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
mu-
- second person singular nominative proclitic
See also edit
Northern Ndebele edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu-
Usage notes edit
The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.
Phuthi edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu-
- Class 1 noun prefix.
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu-
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu-
- Class 3 noun prefix.
Rwanda-Rundi edit
Prefix edit
mu-
- you, second-person plural subject concord.
- Augmentless form of umu- (“class 1 or 3 noun prefix”)
- class 1 or 3 concord prefix for adjectives
Alternative forms edit
- mw- (before a vowel)
Shona edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu-
- Class 1 noun prefix.
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu-
- Class 3 noun prefix.
Southern Ndebele edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu-
Usage notes edit
The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.
Southern Pomo edit
Alternative forms edit
Prefix edit
mu-
Usage notes edit
This prefix is used with verbs only.
Swahili edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu- (plural wa-)
- m class(I) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix used before /u/ and /w/
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu- (plural mi-)
- m class(III) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix used before /u/, /w/, and occasionally /h/
See also edit
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu-
- you, 2nd person plural subject concord used before /u/ and /w/
- Antonym: hamu-
- verb-initial form of -mu- (“her, him; 3rd person singular (m class(I)) object concord used before /u/ and /w/”)
See also edit
Number | Person | Independent | Subject concord | Object concord | Combined forms | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
affirmative | negative | na | ndi- | si- | |||||
Singular | First | mimi | ni- | si- | -ni- | nami, na mimi | ndimi, ndiye | simi, siye | -angu |
Second | wewe | u- | hu- | -ku- | nawe, na wewe | ndiwe, ndiye | siwe, siye | -ako | |
Third | yeye | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | naye, na yeye | ndiye | siye | -ake | |
Plural | First | sisi | tu- | hatu- | -tu- | nasi, na sisi | ndisi, ndio | sio | -etu |
Second | ninyi | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -wa- | nanyi, na ninyi | ndinyi, ndio | sinyi, sio | -enu | |
Third | wao | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | nao | ndio | sio | -ao | |
Reflexive | — | — | -ji- | — | — | ||||
For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |
Etymology 4 edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-.
Prefix edit
mu-
- therein, mu class(XVIII) subject concord used before /u/ and /w/
- Antonym: hamu-
See also edit
Class | Subject concord | Object concord | Relative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
affirmative | negative | |||
m(I) | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | -ye |
wa(II) | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | -o |
m(III) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
mi(IV) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
ji(V) | li- | hali- | -li- | -lo |
ma(VI) | ya- | haya- | -ya- | -yo |
ki(VII) | ki- | haki- | -ki- | -cho |
vi(VIII) | vi- | havi- | -vi- | -vyo |
n(IX) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
n(X) | zi- | hazi- | -zi- | -zo |
u(XI) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
ku(XV/XVII) | ku- | haku- | -ku- | -ko |
pa(XVI) | pa- | hapa- | -pa- | -po |
mu(XVIII) | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -mu- | -mo |
For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |
Swazi edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu-
Usage notes edit
The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.
Tooro edit
Alternative forms edit
- (before vowels) mw-
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
mu-
See also edit
References edit
Tsonga edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu-
- Class 1 noun prefix.
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.
Alternative forms edit
Prefix edit
mu-
- Class 3 noun prefix.
Venda edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu-
- Class 1 noun prefix.
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu-
- Class 3 noun prefix.
Zulu edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu-
- Class 1 simple noun prefix.
Usage notes edit
The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mú-
Usage notes edit
The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
mu-
- Class 3 simple noun prefix.
Usage notes edit
The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.
References edit
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “mu-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “mu-”