Navajo edit

Etymology edit

ná- (around) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier)-zǫ́ǫ́s (imperfective stem of root -ZǪ́Ǫ́Z, “to pull, to tear”).

Stem initial z- becomes d- under d-effect.

Verb edit

néízǫ́ǫ́s

  1. he/she is turning it inside out (as a coat or socks)

Conjugation edit

Paradigm: Reversative (∅/si).

IMPERFECTIVE singular duoplural plural
1st person násǫ́ǫ́s néiidǫ́ǫ́s ńdeiidǫ́ǫ́s
2nd person nánízǫ́ǫ́s náhsǫ́ǫ́s ńdaahsǫ́ǫ́s
3rd person néízǫ́ǫ́s ńdeizǫ́ǫ́s
4th person ńjízǫ́ǫ́s ńdajizǫ́ǫ́s
PERFECTIVE singular duoplural plural
1st person nísézǫ́ǫ́z nísiidǫ́ǫ́z ńdasiidǫ́ǫ́z
2nd person nísínízǫ́ǫ́z nísoozǫ́ǫ́z ńdasoozǫ́ǫ́z
3rd person néízǫ́ǫ́z ńdeizǫ́ǫ́z
4th person ńjízǫ́ǫ́z ńdajizǫ́ǫ́z
FUTURE singular duoplural plural
1st person ńdeesǫ́ǫ́s ńdiidǫ́ǫ́s ńdadiidǫ́ǫ́s
2nd person ńdíízǫ́ǫ́s ńdoohsǫ́ǫ́s ńdadoohsǫ́ǫ́s
3rd person néidoozǫ́ǫ́s ńdeidoozǫ́ǫ́s
4th person nízhdoozǫ́ǫ́s ńdazhdoozǫ́ǫ́s

Verbal stems edit

  • ITERATIVE: -d + zǫ́ǫ́s = dǫ́ǫ́s
  • OPTATIVE: -zǫ́ǫ́s

Related terms edit