n-
Translingual edit
Prefix edit
n-
- (SI prefix) Abbreviation of nano-.
English edit
Etymology edit
Abbreviation of normal.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
n-
- (organic chemistry) normal-form of a functional group (or molecule), being the long-chain form (unbranched chain)
Coordinate terms edit
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
See also edit
Abenaki edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Related to nia (“I, me”).
Prefix edit
n-
- (prefixed to nouns, used before consonants) my
- (prefixed to verbs, used before consonants) I
- (prefixed to verbs, used before consonants) I (exclusive we)
Coordinate terms edit
- nd- (used before vowels)
Albanian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).[1][2]
Prefix edit
n-
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan; Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 168
Aromanian edit
Prefix edit
n-
- Alternative form of ãn-
Big Nambas edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Oceanic *na
Article edit
n-
- The noun article. Added to nouns and verb stems to affirm nominal use. Has an element of definiteness. Also used in derivation.
Usage notes edit
This form used before vowels. Before consonants, the form na- is used.
References edit
- Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch ne, en, from Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne.
Prefix edit
n-
- Used to negate the pronoun or adverb which follows it, yielding the same part of speech
Derived terms edit
Egyptian edit
Prefix edit
|
- forms intransitive or reflexive verbs from existing verbs
Derived terms edit
Prefix edit
|
- Alternative form of m- (noun-forming prefix) before labial consonants
References edit
- Satzinger, Helmut (2017) “A Lexicon of Egyptian Lexical Roots (Project)” in Quaderni di Vicino Oriente, volume 12, pages 213–223
Emilian edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
n- (adverbial)
- (before a vowel) Alternative form of in
- A-g n-ò dimándi. ― I have a lot (of them).
French edit
Etymology edit
Abbreviation of normale.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
n-
- (organic chemistry) n-; (normal-form)
Derived terms edit
Kamba edit
Alternative forms edit
Prefix edit
n-
- I (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)
Maltese edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Arabic نَ (na, first-person plural imperfect prefix). The use also for the first-person singular is found in Maghrebi Arabic dialects.
Alternative forms edit
Prefix edit
n-
Etymology 2 edit
Article edit
n-
- Alternative form of il-
Usage notes edit
- Used after a vowel and before the letter n. For details on usage, see the main lemma.
Neapolitan edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Prefix edit
n-
Derived terms edit
Ojibwe edit
Prefix edit
n-
- Alternative form of ni-
Usage notes edit
n- appears before stems that begin with the vowels oo and ii.
See also edit
Old Irish edit
Prefix edit
Derived terms edit
See also edit
See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.
Person | Infixed | Suffixed | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||
1 sing. | m-L | dom-L, dam-L | -um | |
2 sing. | t-L | dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L | -ut | |
3 sing. m. | a-N, e-N | d-N | id-N, did-N, d-N | -i, -it |
3 sing. f. | s-(N) | da- | -us | |
3 sing. n. | a-L, e-L | d-L | id-L, did-L, d-L | -i, -it |
1 pl. | n- | don-, dun-, dan- | -unn | |
2 pl. | b- | dob-, dub-, dab- | -uib | |
3 pl. | s-(N) | da- | -us | |
L means this form triggers lenition. N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis) (N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others. |
Prefix edit
n- (class B & C infixed pronoun)
- Alternative form of d-
Swahili edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *n-.
Prefix edit
n- (plural n-)
- n class(IX/X) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting animals and miscellaneous nouns as well as their plurals, and plurals of some u class(XI) nouns
Usage notes edit
Foreign borrowings that cannot fit other classes morphologically usually behave as n class(IX), but do not take this prefix.
Except for nouns where the stem is of one syllable, n can only be followed by g, d, j, y, and z in Swahili. As a result of this, when the stem starts with a vowel, n- changes to ny-, when it starts with a b or v it changes to m-, and *nw-, *nl-, and *nr- becomes mb-, nd-, and nd- respectively. In front of any stems where these rules cannot be applied, it disappears.
See also edit
Tooro edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *ǹ-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
n-
- I, 1st person singular subject concord
- positive imperative form of -n- (“me; 1st person singular object concord”)
See also edit
References edit
Ye'kwana edit
Etymology 1 edit
Cognate to prefixes analyzed as object nominalizers, switching nominalized forms from nouns of action to nouns referring to the patient argument. The Caura River form has a rather different scope of use.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
n-
- Marks that (person markers on) a derivation from a transitive verb refer to the agent argument of the verb rather than the patient argument; used with verbs adverbialized with -e or nominalized with -dü or -'jüdü.
Usage notes edit
This prefix comes between the person marker and the verb stem.
Etymology 2 edit
Alternative forms edit
- ni- (allomorph before a consonant)
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
n-
- Marks a nonderived transitive verb as having a third-person agent/subject and patient/object.
- Marks a nonderived intransitive verb with agent-like or patient-like argument as having a third-person argument/subject.
Usage notes edit
The form n- is used with stems that start with a vowel; ni- is used with those that start with a consonant, in which case the initial consonant is also palatalized.
This person marker is used with all types of verbs when marked with originally nonderived tense/aspect/mood markers, excepting only the admonitive -'no and prohibitive -i negative command suffixes and the uncertain future marker -tai, which require the transcategorical third person marker y-, and the distant past markers, which require the distance-specific person morpheme kün-.
Though in all other circumstances Ye'kwana third-person prefixes also cover the first person dual exclusive, this prefix is not used when the patient of a transitive verb is first-person-dual-exclusive.
Inflection edit
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
References edit
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “n-”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 152, 182–184, 190–191, 200, 202–203
Zulu edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *n-.
Prefix edit
n-
- Class 9 simple noun prefix.
Usage notes edit
The variant form m- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).