narguer
French edit
Etymology edit
Probably from Vulgar Latin *nārificō, a humourous derivation of Latin nāris (“nose”). through an intermediate Occitan nariguar.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
narguer
- (transitive) to taunt
- 1861, Charles Baudelaire, “Allégorie”, in Les Fleurs du mal [The Flowers of Evil], 2nd edition, Paris: Poulet-Malassis et De Broise:
- Elle rit à la Mort et nargue la Débauche, / Ces monstres dont la main, qui toujours gratte et fauche, […]
- She laughs at Death and taunts Debauchery, / Those monsters whose hands, which are always scratching and scything, […]
- 1865, Jules Verne, chapter 27, in De la Terre à la Lune [From the Earth to the Moon], J. Hetzel et Compagnie, published 1868:
- Le 8, rien. Le 9, le soleil reparut un instant comme pour narguer les Américains. Il fut couvert de huées, et, blessé sans doute d’un pareil accueil, il se montra fort avare de ses rayons.
- On the 8th, nothing. On the 9th, the sun reappeared for a moment, as if to taunt the Americans. It was met with boos, and, no doubt hurt by this reception, proved to be very miserly with its rays.
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of narguer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | narguer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | narguant /naʁ.ɡɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | nargué /naʁ.ɡe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | nargue /naʁɡ/ |
nargues /naʁɡ/ |
nargue /naʁɡ/ |
narguons /naʁ.ɡɔ̃/ |
narguez /naʁ.ɡe/ |
narguent /naʁɡ/ |
| imperfect | narguais /naʁ.ɡɛ/ |
narguais /naʁ.ɡɛ/ |
narguait /naʁ.ɡɛ/ |
narguions /naʁ.ɡjɔ̃/ |
narguiez /naʁ.ɡje/ |
narguaient /naʁ.ɡɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | narguai /naʁ.ɡe/ |
narguas /naʁ.ɡa/ |
nargua /naʁ.ɡa/ |
narguâmes /naʁ.ɡam/ |
narguâtes /naʁ.ɡat/ |
narguèrent /naʁ.ɡɛʁ/ | |
| future | narguerai /naʁ.ɡə.ʁe/ |
nargueras /naʁ.ɡə.ʁa/ |
narguera /naʁ.ɡə.ʁa/ |
narguerons /naʁ.ɡə.ʁɔ̃/ |
narguerez /naʁ.ɡə.ʁe/ |
nargueront /naʁ.ɡə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | narguerais /naʁ.ɡə.ʁɛ/ |
narguerais /naʁ.ɡə.ʁɛ/ |
narguerait /naʁ.ɡə.ʁɛ/ |
narguerions /naʁ.ɡə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
nargueriez /naʁ.ɡə.ʁje/ |
nargueraient /naʁ.ɡə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | nargue /naʁɡ/ |
nargues /naʁɡ/ |
nargue /naʁɡ/ |
narguions /naʁ.ɡjɔ̃/ |
narguiez /naʁ.ɡje/ |
narguent /naʁɡ/ |
| imperfect2 | narguasse /naʁ.ɡas/ |
narguasses /naʁ.ɡas/ |
narguât /naʁ.ɡa/ |
narguassions /naʁ.ɡa.sjɔ̃/ |
narguassiez /naʁ.ɡa.sje/ |
narguassent /naʁ.ɡas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | nargue /naʁɡ/ |
— | narguons /naʁ.ɡɔ̃/ |
narguez /naʁ.ɡe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading edit
- “narguer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.