ongelma
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From onge- + -lma, but the root is unclear.
Proposed etymologies
- From an earlier *ongelmo (“? branch, ? proverb”). Only attested in oblique cases (onkelmosta, onkelmoita) in the Kalevala. If so, perhaps related to onkalo (“pit”), dialectal ongertaa (“to dig in”).
- A neologism of an unknown origin. If so, probably from onki (“fishing rod”) whence also onkia (“to fish, to find information”) and dialectal ongitella (“to find information, to annoy”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ongelma
Declension edit
Inflection of ongelma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ongelma | ongelmat | ||
genitive | ongelman | ongelmien | ||
partitive | ongelmaa | ongelmia | ||
illative | ongelmaan | ongelmiin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | ongelma | ongelmat | ||
accusative | nom. | ongelma | ongelmat | |
gen. | ongelman | |||
genitive | ongelman | ongelmien ongelmainrare | ||
partitive | ongelmaa | ongelmia | ||
inessive | ongelmassa | ongelmissa | ||
elative | ongelmasta | ongelmista | ||
illative | ongelmaan | ongelmiin | ||
adessive | ongelmalla | ongelmilla | ||
ablative | ongelmalta | ongelmilta | ||
allative | ongelmalle | ongelmille | ||
essive | ongelmana | ongelmina | ||
translative | ongelmaksi | ongelmiksi | ||
abessive | ongelmatta | ongelmitta | ||
instructive | — | ongelmin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][1] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Further reading edit
- “ongelma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (online dictionary, continuously updated, in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03