phẩm

See also: phàm, phạm, and Phạm

Vietnamese

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 品 (“item; article; courtier rank”). Doublet of phím. Compare Japanese 品 (hon, -bon, -pon, “courtier rank”).

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [fəm˧˩]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [fəm˧˨]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [fəm˨˩˦]

Noun

phẩm

1. dye, colorant or coloring

   phẩm màu ― (food) coloring

2. (history) a rank for East Asian courtiers

   nhất phẩm ― rank 1 (highest)

   cửu phẩm ― rank 9 (lowest)