pilns
Latvian
Alternative forms
- (dialectal form) pills
Etymology
From Proto-Baltic *pilnas, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós, from *pel-, *pl̥- (“to pour, to flow; to heap, to fill”) (with an adjectivizing suffix -no-), the same stem as pildīt (“to fill”) (q.v.). The original meaning was thus “poured,” “flowed,” “heaped,” from which “filled.” Cognates include Lithuanian pìlnas, Old Prussian pilnan (“whole”) (singular accusative), erpilninaiti (“fill it!”) (imperative 2nd person plural), Old Church Slavonic пльнъ, плънъ (plĭnŭ, plŭnŭ, “full”), Russian полный (pólnyj), Proto-Germanic *fulla- (< *fulna- < *pulna-; Gothic 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐍃 (fulls), German voll, English full), Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇá, “filled, full”) (< *pūlna- < *pl̥-no-), Latin plēnus (“full; strong, satiated”). [1]
Pronunciation
- IPA: [pīlns]
Adjective
pilns (def. pilnais, comp. pilnāks, sup. vispilnākais; irreg. adv. pilnam, pilnām)
- (of containers) full (without any space left)
- pilna bļoda — full bowl
- pilna kanna ar pienu — pot full of milk
- piebērt pilnus grozus ar kartupeļiem — to load baskets full of potatoes
- piesmelt pilnu spaini ar ūdeni — to draw a full bucket of water
- (of spaces, rooms) full (completely occupied)
- pilns skapis ar drēbēm — a wardrobe full of clothes
- pilns penālis ar zīmuļiem — a pencil case full of pencils
- piekraut pilnu šķūni ar sienu — to load a barn full of hay
- (of flat objects) full (with completely occupied surface; with many thing on its surface)
- pilns galds — full table (with food, drinks, etc.)
- zeme piebirusi pilna ar āboliem — the earth was covered full of apples
- piebārstīt pilnu grīdu ar skaidām — to scatter sawdust all over the floor
- (of paper, books, etc.) full (completely written, drawn over; with many writings, drawings)
- pierakstīt pilnu kladi ar lekcijām — to fill a notebook (= to write it full) with lectures
- burtnīca pilna ar stundu plāniem — a notebook full of lesson plans
- grāmata pilna ar krāsainiem zīmējumiem — a book full of colorful illustrations
- (of places, objects) full (with many people, animals, plants, objects; with all available places occupied; where some substance has spread)
- pilns veikals ar pircējiem — a shop full of customers
- ielas pilnas turistu — streets full of tourists
- ļaužu pilnas ielas — streets full of people
- autobuss pilns ar pasažieriem — a bus full of passengers
- strops pilns ar bitēm — a hive full of bees
- pilns parks ar vāverem — a park full of squirrels
- purvs pilns odu — a swamp full of mosquitoes
- pilns dārzs ar ābelēm — a garden full of apple trees
- šogad meži pilni sēņu — this year the forests (are) full of mushrooms
- noliekt riekstu pilnu lazdas zaru — to tilt, to bend a hazel branch full of nuts
- virtuve pilna ar dūmiem — a kitchen full of smoke
- pagalms pilns ar bērnu čalām — a yard full of children's chatter
- (of substances) full (with considerable admixture of something else)
- graudi pilni pelavām — grains full of chaff
- kaļķi pilni ar smiltīm — lime filled with sand
- duļķu pilns ūdens — water full of mud
- (of natural phenomena) full (where something occurs or is formed in large quantites)
- ieleja pilna ar biezu miglu — a valley full of thick mist
- zeme pilna valgmes — land full of moisture, humidity
- ceļi pilni ar dubļiem — roads full of mud
- (of processes, activities) full (where some intense activity occurs, characterized by some intense activity)
- istaba ir rosības pilna — the room is full of activity, of hustle and bustle
- grūtību pilns ceļojums — a trip full of difficulties, hardships
- gaidu pilnas stundas — hours full of waiting
- pārdzīvot laimes pilnus mirkļus — to live, experience moments full of happiness, bliss
- optimisma pilns romāns — a novel full of optimism
- (of people or their actions) full (feeling, possessing some mental feature very intensely)
- prieka pilns bērns — a child full of joy
- pārliecības pilns cilvēks — a person full of confidence
- spēka pilns jauneklis — a young man full of strength
- pārliecības pilna rīcība — an action full of confidence
- neizpratnes pilna seja — a face full of incomprehension
- naida pilns skatiens — a look full of hate
- prieka pilns sauciens — a cry full of joy
- (of qualities, means; usually in locative) full (at the highest intensity, at the highest level of development)
- braukt pilnā ātrumā — to drive at full speed
- pilna slodze — full-time
- pilnā jaudā, ar pilnu jaudu — at full capacity, with all strength
- runāt, dziedāt, kliegt pilnā balsī — to speak, sing, shout at full voice
- pilnā kaujas gatavībā — in full combat readiness
- rudzi ir pilnā briedumā — the rye is in full maturity
- (of plans, books, courses, teams) full, complete, whole, entire (covering the whole set, extension; having all parts; )
- pilns apmācību kurss — full training course
- noklausīties pilnu lekciju ciklu — to listen to the full lecture series
- pilna biogrāfija — full biography
- pilns komplekts — a full, complete set
- pilns lidmašīnas personālsastāvs — full flight personnel
- hokeja komanda spēlē pilnā sastavā — the hockey team plays in its full composition (= the full team, the whole team)
- (of amounts, measurements) full, whole, complete (corresponding exactly to the given value)
- nostrādāt pilnu darba nedēļu — to work two full work weeks
- sasniegt pilnus astoņpadsmit gadus — to reach, to achieve full eighteen years (of age)
- (of circles, lines, time periods) full, continuous, uninterrupted
- pilns apgrieziens — full, complete rotation
- darba tika pabeigti tikai pilnā naktī — the work was finished only in (= after) a full night
- (of body, body parts) full ( relatively large, stout)
- miesās pilns cilvēks — a full-bodied (= large, stout) person
- sieviete ar pilnām lūpām — a woman with full lips
- (colloquial, of people) full, very drunk
- daži tik pilni, ka streipuļoja — some (of the people) so full (= drunk) that they staggered
Declension
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of pilns
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | pilns | pilni | pilna | pilnas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | pilnu | pilnus | pilnu | pilnas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | pilna | pilnu | pilnas | pilnu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | pilnam | pilniem | pilnai | pilnām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | pilnu | pilniem | pilnu | pilnām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | pilnā | pilnos | pilnā | pilnās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Antonyms
Derived terms
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns. 1992, 2001. Latviešu etimoloģijas vārdnīca. Rīga: AVOTS. ISBN 9984700127.