plāns
Latvian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from German Plan, which is itself a borrowing from French plan, from Latin planta (“sole of foot”), which is ultimately from the same stem as the adjective plāns (“thin”) below. This borrowing is first mentioned in 19th-century dictionaries.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
plāns m (1st declension)
- plan, map, blueprint, layout (a detailed drawing or scheme of an object, a building, a territory)
- skolas plāns ― plan, blueprint of the school
- dzīvokļa plāns ― plan, blueprint of the apartment
- parka, stadiona plāns ― plan of the park, of the stadium
- izstrādāt ēkas plānu ― to develop a plan for the building
- labojumi ciemata plānā ― corrections in the village plans
- plan, map (a drawing indicating the path of a movement, its direction, order, etc.)
- evakuācijas plāns ― evaculation plan
- ekspedīcijas pārvietošanās plāns ― expedition travel plan
- karaspēka virzības plāns ― troop advancement plan, map
- plan (a future event worked out in detail; the corresponding text or document)
- ražošanas plāns ― production plan
- ekonomiskās un sociālās attīstības kompleksais plāns ― a combined plan for economical and social development
- izstrādāt, nospraust, apstiprināt plānu ― to develop, to outline, to approve a plan
- nodrošināt plāna izspildi ― to ensure the execution of a plan
- veikt darbu saskaņā ar plānu ― to perform work according to plan
- plan (intention, idea, thoughts about the future realization of some course of action)
- nākotnes plāni ― plans (for) the future
- man galvā jaucas dažādi plāni: kā dzīvot tālāk, ko darīt... ― in my head various plans are mixed: how to live further, what to do...
- (of texts) plan (concise sequential formulation of the structure of a text)
- disertācijas plāns ― dissertation plan
- sacerējuma, romāana plāns ― essay, novel plan
- nolasīt lekcijas plānu ― to read the lecture plan
- plane (view from a certain standpoint, as a certain sphere of expression)
- nemanāmi cieši abās lugās kopā savijusies sociālais un individuālais plāns ― in both plays the social and individual planes are closely, seamlessly intertwined
- plane (location of an object or a part of it, depending on the viewer's vantage point)
- skatuves iekārtojumā izšķir trīs plānus: priekšējo, vidējo un dziļo plānu ― in the organization of a stage one distinguishes three planes: the front (= foreground), the middle (= midground) and the deep (= background) plane.
- plane (the frame at which a scene is filmed)
- dažreiz uzņemtā aina, epizode, atsevišķs plāns jāiemontē pavisam citā filma vietā, nekā scenārija bijis paredzēts ― sometimes the captured scene, episode, a different plan must be fitted at a completely different point in the movie than had been intended in the screenplay
- (usually in the locative, with pirmais (“first”), otrais (“second”), etc.) plane (level of importance)
- rakstnieks šo tēlu atstājis trēšajā plānā ― the writer left this image in the third plane
- kopš pašām pirmajām darba dienām skolotājas personīga dzīve attālinājās kaut kur otrajā plānā ― since the very first days of work, a schoolteacher's personal life is moved back somewhere into the second plane (= background)
- ja vairāk pirmajā plānā izvirzītos autora iecerētā doma, lugas pamatideja izrādē izskanētu vēl spēcīgāk, emocionālāk, pārliecinošāk ― if the author's intended thought had been put forward more in the first plane (= foreground), then the play's main idea would have sounded stronger, more emotional, more persuasive
Declension edit
Declension of plāns (1st declension)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Baltic *planas, from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *pelh-, *plā- (“to stretch out, wide”) with an extra (adjectivizing) suffix -no-s. The semantic change probably was “to stretch out” > “to make thin by stretching” > “thin.” Cognates include Lithuanian plónas (“thin, delicate, rare”), Latin plānus (“flat, level; clear”), Hittite palẖi (“wide”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
plāns (definite plānais, comparative plānāks, superlative visplānākais, adverb plāni)
- (of leaf- or wall-like objects) thin (having a small cross section)
- plāns dēlis ― thin board, plank
- plāna siena ― thin wall
- plāns stikls, ledus ― thin glass, ice
- nogriezt plānu maizes šķēli ― to cut a thin slice of bread
- plāns kā papīrs ― thin as paper
- (of fabric, cloth) thin (with a small cross section; not thick, not dense, light, translucid)
- plāns audums ― thin fabric
- plāna šalle, blūze ― thin scarf, blouse
- (usually of hair, etc.) thin (such that its component parts are far from each other; syn. rets)
- plāni mati ― thin hair
- plānas uzacis ― thin eyebrows
- tur pie galdiņa sēdēja sirmgalvis ar pliku galvvidu un plāniem, baltiem matiem ― there at the little table an old man sat, with a bald top of head and thin, white hair
- deju starplaikos drūzma zāles vidū neko plānāka nekļuva ― the dancing crowd in the middle of the hall did not become any thinner
- (of food, drink) thin (not very nutritious, lean, rather liquid in consistency)
- plāna putra ― thin porridge
- plāna, ūdeņaina mērcīte ― thin, watery little sauce
- plāna sēņu zupa ― thin mushroom soup
- (of gases, smoke, fog) thin (not dense, not opaque)
- plāna dūmaka ― thin haze
- migla kļuva plānāka ― the mist became thinnner
- plāns dūmu stabiņš ― thin column of smoke
- aiz plānajiem mākoņiem peld nespodrs mēness ― behind thin clouds swam the dim moon
- (of people, their body parts) thin, weak
- plāns deguns ― thin nose
- plāna plauksta ― thin hand, palm (of hand)
- viņa sievas vaigi kļuvuši plānāki ― his wife's cheeks (had) become thinner
- (colloquial) thin, poor
- zivju tīklos pavisam maz; tomēr, neraugoties uz plānu lomu, komandai garastāvoklis ļoti labs ― there were very few fish in the nets; however, despite the thin, poor catch, the team's mood (was) very good
- (rare, of physical or psychological states) incomplete, weak
- šādā elektriskajā gaismā putna miegs ir plāns — under this electric light the bird's sleep is weak
- tikai smaids palika plānāks — only the smile became thinner, weaker
Declension edit
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of plāns
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | plāns | plāni | plāna | plānas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | plānu | plānus | plānu | plānas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | plāna | plānu | plānas | plānu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | plānam | plāniem | plānai | plānām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | plānu | plāniem | plānu | plānām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | plānā | plānos | plānā | plānās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
A nominalized form of the adjective plāns (“thin”), with the etymological meaning of “flat” > “ground, floor.” The different intonation is the result of historical changes in the position of stress. Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal plānas (“floor”), standard form plónas (“thin, delicate, rare”), Old Prussian plonis (“floor, ground”), Vulgar Latin plānum (“plain, level ground”), Proto-Germanic *flōrus (“field, glade, ground, floor”) (Middle Low German vlōr (“floor, ground, meadow”), German Flur (“field, meadow, glade”), English floor.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
plāns m (1st declension)
- (dialectal) barn floor, threshing floor (syn. klons)
- rijas plāns ― barn floor
- virtuves plāns ― kitchen (earthen, clay) floor
- kambarītim nebija grīdas, tāpat kā istabai; bet plāns te izskatījas gludāks, tīrāks, sausāks, jo vistas netika iekšā ― the basement had no (log) floor, like the room; but the (clay, earth) floor there looked smoother, cleaner, drier, because there were no chickens inside
- ja man vēl šodien istabai kakti jāizslauka tikpat tīri kā plāna vidus, tad to man tika mācījusi pamāte ― if to this day I wipe the corners of my room as clean as the middle of the floor, then (it is because) my stepmother taught me (to do so)
Declension edit
Declension of plāns (1st declension)
Synonyms edit
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “plāns”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN