Egyptian
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Etymology
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Compare qjs (“to vomit”), qꜣ, qꜣꜣ (“to be putrid; to vomit”), Ge'ez ቄአ (ḳeʾä), present ይቂእ (yəḳiʾ, “to vomit”), Tigre ቀኣ (ḳäʾa, “to vomit”), Arabic قَاءَ (qāʔa), present يَقِيءُ (yaqīʔu, “to vomit”), Hebrew קָא (qāʾ), present יָקִיא (yāqīʾ, “to vomit”).
Pronunciation
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3-lit.
- (transitive) to vomit, to spew out
Inflection
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Conjugation of qꜣꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: qꜣꜥ, geminated stem: qꜣꜥꜥ
| infinitival forms
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imperative
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| infinitive
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negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
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singular
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plural
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qꜣꜥ
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qꜣꜥw, qꜣꜥ
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qꜣꜥt
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qꜣꜥ
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qꜣꜥ
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| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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| stative stem
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periphrastic imperfective2
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periphrastic prospective2
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qꜣꜥ
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ḥr qꜣꜥ
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m qꜣꜥ
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r qꜣꜥ
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| suffix conjugation
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| aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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contingent
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| aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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qꜣꜥ.n
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qꜣꜥw, qꜣꜥ
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consecutive
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qꜣꜥ.jn
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| terminative
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qꜣꜥt
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| perfective3
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qꜣꜥ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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obligative1
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qꜣꜥ.ḫr
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| imperfective
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qꜣꜥ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| prospective3
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qꜣꜥ
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qꜣꜥꜥ
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potentialis1
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qꜣꜥ.kꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| subjunctive
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qꜣꜥ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| verbal adjectives
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| aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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| active
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passive
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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qꜣꜥ.n
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
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—
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| perfective
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qꜣꜥ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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qꜣꜥ
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qꜣꜥ, qꜣꜥw5, qꜣꜥy5
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| imperfective
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qꜣꜥ, qꜣꜥy, qꜣꜥw5
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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qꜣꜥ, qꜣꜥj6, qꜣꜥy6
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qꜣꜥ, qꜣꜥw5
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| prospective
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qꜣꜥ, qꜣꜥtj7
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—
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qꜣꜥtj4, qꜣꜥt4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
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Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of qꜣꜥ
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| qꜥ
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| [since the New Kingdom]
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References
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- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 7.5–7.16
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 456
