railler
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French railler, from Vulgar Latin *raglāre < *ragulāre, from Late Latin ragere (“to bray”) (whence Old French raire (“to shout, said of deer”), réer (“to shout, said of deer”), Romanian rage (“to scream, said of people or especially animals”); attested once directly in a 10th-century Hermeneumata manuscript, original perhaps c. 4th century). Compare Occitan ralhar, Catalan rallar, Italian ragliare.[1][2]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
railler
- (transitive) to mock, taunt, jeer at
- (intransitive) to jest
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of railler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | railler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | raillant /ʁa.jɑ̃/ or /ʁɑ.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | raillé /ʁa.je/ or /ʁɑ.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | raille /ʁaj/ or /ʁɑj/ |
railles /ʁaj/ or /ʁɑj/ |
raille /ʁaj/ or /ʁɑj/ |
raillons /ʁa.jɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.jɔ̃/ |
raillez /ʁa.je/ or /ʁɑ.je/ |
raillent /ʁaj/ or /ʁɑj/ |
| imperfect | raillais /ʁa.jɛ/ or /ʁɑ.jɛ/ |
raillais /ʁa.jɛ/ or /ʁɑ.jɛ/ |
raillait /ʁa.jɛ/ or /ʁɑ.jɛ/ |
raillions /ʁaj.jɔ̃/ or /ʁɑj.jɔ̃/ |
railliez /ʁaj.je/ or /ʁɑj.je/ |
raillaient /ʁa.jɛ/ or /ʁɑ.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | raillai /ʁa.je/ or /ʁɑ.je/ |
raillas /ʁa.ja/ or /ʁɑ.ja/ |
railla /ʁa.ja/ or /ʁɑ.ja/ |
raillâmes /ʁa.jam/ or /ʁɑ.jam/ |
raillâtes /ʁa.jat/ or /ʁɑ.jat/ |
raillèrent /ʁa.jɛʁ/ or /ʁɑ.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | raillerai /ʁaj.ʁe/ or /ʁɑj.ʁe/ |
railleras /ʁaj.ʁa/ or /ʁɑj.ʁa/ |
raillera /ʁaj.ʁa/ or /ʁɑj.ʁa/ |
raillerons /ʁaj.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁɑj.ʁɔ̃/ |
raillerez /ʁaj.ʁe/ or /ʁɑj.ʁe/ |
railleront /ʁaj.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁɑj.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | raillerais /ʁaj.ʁɛ/ or /ʁɑj.ʁɛ/ |
raillerais /ʁaj.ʁɛ/ or /ʁɑj.ʁɛ/ |
raillerait /ʁaj.ʁɛ/ or /ʁɑj.ʁɛ/ |
raillerions /ʁa.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
railleriez /ʁa.jə.ʁje/ or /ʁɑ.jə.ʁje/ |
railleraient /ʁaj.ʁɛ/ or /ʁɑj.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | raille /ʁaj/ or /ʁɑj/ |
railles /ʁaj/ or /ʁɑj/ |
raille /ʁaj/ or /ʁɑj/ |
raillions /ʁaj.jɔ̃/ or /ʁɑj.jɔ̃/ |
railliez /ʁaj.je/ or /ʁɑj.je/ |
raillent /ʁaj/ or /ʁɑj/ |
| imperfect2 | raillasse /ʁa.jas/ or /ʁɑ.jas/ |
raillasses /ʁa.jas/ or /ʁɑ.jas/ |
raillât /ʁa.ja/ or /ʁɑ.ja/ |
raillassions /ʁa.ja.sjɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
raillassiez /ʁa.ja.sje/ or /ʁɑ.ja.sje/ |
raillassent /ʁa.jas/ or /ʁɑ.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | raille /ʁaj/ or /ʁɑj/ |
— | raillons /ʁa.jɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.jɔ̃/ |
raillez /ʁa.je/ or /ʁɑ.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
References edit
- ^ “railler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “ragĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 10: R, page 32
Further reading edit
- “railler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.