runnella

Finnish

Etymology

runnoa +‎ -ella

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrunːelːɑˣ/, [ˈrunːe̞lːɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -unːelːɑ
• Syllabification^(key): run‧nel‧la

Verb

runnella

1. to disfigure (to change the appearance of something/someone to the negative)

   Palohaavat runtelivat hänen kasvonsa.

   The burnings disfigured his face.

2. to mangle, mutilate, maul
3. to tear, destroy

   sodan runtelema ― war-torn, war torn

Conjugation

Inflection of runnella (Kotus type 67*J/tulla, nt-nn gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		runtelen	en runtele	1st sing.	olen runnellut	en ole runnellut
2nd sing.		runtelet	et runtele	2nd sing.	olet runnellut	et ole runnellut
3rd sing.		runtelee	ei runtele	3rd sing.	on runnellut	ei ole runnellut
1st plur.		runtelemme	emme runtele	1st plur.	olemme runnelleet	emme ole runnelleet
2nd plur.		runtelette	ette runtele	2nd plur.	olette runnelleet	ette ole runnelleet
3rd plur.		runtelevat	eivät runtele	3rd plur.	ovat runnelleet	eivät ole runnelleet
passive		runnellaan	ei runnella	passive	on runneltu	ei ole runneltu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		runtelin	en runnellut	1st sing.	olin runnellut	en ollut runnellut
2nd sing.		runtelit	et runnellut	2nd sing.	olit runnellut	et ollut runnellut
3rd sing.		runteli	ei runnellut	3rd sing.	oli runnellut	ei ollut runnellut
1st plur.		runtelimme	emme runnelleet	1st plur.	olimme runnelleet	emme olleet runnelleet
2nd plur.		runtelitte	ette runnelleet	2nd plur.	olitte runnelleet	ette olleet runnelleet
3rd plur.		runtelivat	eivät runnelleet	3rd plur.	olivat runnelleet	eivät olleet runnelleet
passive		runneltiin	ei runneltu	passive	oli runneltu	ei ollut runneltu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		runtelisin	en runtelisi	1st sing.	olisin runnellut	en olisi runnellut
2nd sing.		runtelisit	et runtelisi	2nd sing.	olisit runnellut	et olisi runnellut
3rd sing.		runtelisi	ei runtelisi	3rd sing.	olisi runnellut	ei olisi runnellut
1st plur.		runtelisimme	emme runtelisi	1st plur.	olisimme runnelleet	emme olisi runnelleet
2nd plur.		runtelisitte	ette runtelisi	2nd plur.	olisitte runnelleet	ette olisi runnelleet
3rd plur.		runtelisivat	eivät runtelisi	3rd plur.	olisivat runnelleet	eivät olisi runnelleet
passive		runneltaisiin	ei runneltaisi	passive	olisi runneltu	ei olisi runneltu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		runtele	älä runtele	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		runnelkoon	älköön runnelko	3rd sing.	olkoon runnellut	älköön olko runnellut
1st plur.		runnelkaamme	älkäämme runnelko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		runnelkaa	älkää runnelko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		runnelkoot	älkööt runnelko	3rd plur.	olkoot runnelleet	älkööt olko runnelleet
passive		runneltakoon	älköön runneltako	passive	olkoon runneltu	älköön olko runneltu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		runnellen	en runnelle	1st sing.	lienen runnellut	en liene runnellut
2nd sing.		runnellet	et runnelle	2nd sing.	lienet runnellut	et liene runnellut
3rd sing.		runnellee	ei runnelle	3rd sing.	lienee runnellut	ei liene runnellut
1st plur.		runnellemme	emme runnelle	1st plur.	lienemme runnelleet	emme liene runnelleet
2nd plur.		runnellette	ette runnelle	2nd plur.	lienette runnelleet	ette liene runnelleet
3rd plur.		runnellevat	eivät runnelle	3rd plur.	lienevät runnelleet	eivät liene runnelleet
passive		runneltaneen	ei runneltane	passive	lienee runneltu	ei liene runneltu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		runnella		present	runteleva	runneltava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st runnellakseni runnellaksemme 2nd runnellaksesi runnellaksenne 3rd runnellakseen runnellaksensa		past	runnellut	runneltu
2nd	inessive2	runnellessa	runneltaessa	agent3	runtelema
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st runnellessani runnellessamme 2nd runnellessasi runnellessanne 3rd runnellessaan runnellessansa		negative	runtelematon
	instructive	runnellen	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. 4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
3rd	inessive	runtelemassa	—
	elative	runtelemasta	—
	illative	runtelemaan	—
	adessive	runtelemalla	—
	abessive	runtelematta	—
	instructive	runteleman	runneltaman
4th4	verbal noun	runteleminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st runtelemaisillani runtelemaisillamme 2nd runtelemaisillasi runtelemaisillanne 3rd runtelemaisillaan runtelemaisillansa

Derived terms

• runtelu

Further reading

• “runnella”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03