sargāt
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
Probably the iterative form of an (unattested) verb *sargt or *sergt, from the same stem as sargs (“protector”): Proto-Baltic *serg-, *sarg-, from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to watch over, to protect, to preserve”) with an extra -g. The present tense forms sargu and sargāju alternate in various dialects; the shorter form is older, the longer more recent. Cognates include Lithuanian sérgėti, sergė́ti (“to protect, to supervise, to watch over”), archaic sergti; Old Prussian absergīsnan (“defense [acc.]”); from the same root *ser-, also Latin servāre (“to protect, to watch, to keep, to preserve, to save, to store”) and perhaps Ancient Greek goddess Ἥρα (Hḗra). From a possibly related stem *sterg-, also Proto-Slavic *stergti (“to protect, to watch over”), *storžь (“protector, guard”) (Old Church Slavonic стрѣшти (strěšti), стражь (stražĭ), Russian стере́чь (steréčʹ), сто́рож (stórož)).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sargāt
- second-person plural present indicative of sargāt
sargāt (transitive, 2nd/3rd conjugation, present sargāju, sargā, sargā / sargu, sargi, sarga, past sargāju)
- to protect, to guard (to act in such a way that something, some place, etc. becomes unavailable, inaccessible to undesirable or unauthorized people)
- sargāt rūpnīcu ― to protect the factory
- sargāt teritoriju ― to protect the territory
- sargāt munīcijas noliktavu ― to guard the ammunition depo
- sargāt nometni, cietumu ― to guard the camp, the prison
- sarga veikalu kāds večuks ― some old man guards the store
- to protect (to prevent something unwanted, undesirable from happening to someone, usually an important person)
- sargāt valsts vadītājus ― to protect the heads of state
- sargāt sūtni ― to protect the messenger
- sargāt parlamentārus ― to protect the members of parliament
- (usually of military forces) to protect, to defend (to prevent the enemy from attacking, spying, etc.)
- sargāt robežu ― to protect, to defend the border
- dzimteni 'sargājot / asinis liet / dzīvību atdot / es arī varu ― protecting (my) fatherland / shed blood / give (my) life / I also can
- es, māsiņa, tālu eju sargāt savu tēvu zemi ― I, sister, am going far (away) to protect my fatherland
- to protect, to guard (to prevent something or someone from being stolen, destroyed, attacked, etc.; also of animals)
- cilvēks sarga savu mantu no laupītājiem ― a person protects his property from thieves
- tās ir plūmes; man viņas jāsargā, lai citi berni nenošķin ― these are plums; I must protect, guard them, so that other children won't pluck them off
- Oskars iegādājies suni, lai sargā māju ― Oskars purchased a dog to protect (his) house
- stirna savus mazuļus ļoti sargā, aizdzenot ienaidniekus ar stipro priekškāju sitieniem ― the doe protects her babies, driving the enemies away with strong blows of (her) front legs
- to guard, to watch over (to limit the freedom of action of someone, usually a prisoner)
- sargāt cietumniekus ― to guard the prisoners
- to protect, to shelter (to use something carefully, to prevent bad external influences on something)
- sargāt jauno uzvalku ― to protect the new suit
- sargāt mašīnu no bojājumiem ― to protect the car from damage
- sargāt mežu no uguns ― to protect the forest from fire(s)
- sargāt veselību ― to protect one's health
- sargāt acis ― to protect one's eyes (e.g., from excessive sunlight)
- mitrums ļoti nelabvēlīgi ietekmē koka ķīļu izturīgumu, tāpēc tie darbā jāsargā no samirkšanas ― humidity has a very detrimental effect on the resistance of wooden wedges; because of this, (one) must protect them from getting wet in (= during) work
- līgava attin vaļā lakatu, kas to sargājis no dubļiem un ceļa grants ― the bride removes the scarf, so as to protect it from dirt and road gravel
- to protect, to keep, to guard (to make something, e.g., honor, tradition, relationships, be preserved)
- es vēl nezināju, ka draudzība ir ļoti, ļoti jāsargā ― I still didn't know that friendship must really, really be protected
- vainaga gods meitai jāsarga, kamēr tā ir meitas kārta un nes vainagu— the girl must keep, preserve the crown's honor, as long as it is the girl's time and she wears the crown
- vēstures un kultūras pieminekļus sargā likums ― the law protects historical and cultural monuments
- pilsoņu dzīvokļu neaizskaramību sargā likums ― the law protects the inviolability of citizen's homes
Conjugation edit
Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “sargāt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN