Egyptian
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Etymology
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s- (causative prefix) + fḫ (“to loosen, to give up”).
Pronunciation
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caus. 2-lit.
- (transitive) to loosen, to untie (ropes, etc.)
- Synonym: wḥꜥ
- (transitive) to unlatch, to release
- (transitive) to take off (clothes, adornments, etc.)
- (transitive) to purify oneself of, to remove (evil)
Inflection
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Conjugation of sfḫ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sfḫ
| infinitival forms
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imperative
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| infinitive
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negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
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singular
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plural
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sfḫt, sfḫ
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sfḫw, sfḫ
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sfḫt
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sfḫ
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sfḫ
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| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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| stative stem
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periphrastic imperfective2
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periphrastic prospective2
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sfḫ
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ḥr sfḫ
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m sfḫ
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r sfḫ
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| suffix conjugation
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| aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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contingent
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| aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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sfḫ.n
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sfḫw, sfḫ
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consecutive
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sfḫ.jn
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| terminative
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sfḫt
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| perfective3
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sfḫ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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obligative1
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sfḫ.ḫr
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| imperfective
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sfḫ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| prospective3
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sfḫw, sfḫ, sfḫy
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sfḫw, sfḫ, sfḫy
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potentialis1
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sfḫ.kꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| subjunctive
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sfḫ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| verbal adjectives
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| aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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| active
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passive
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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sfḫ.n
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
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—
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| perfective
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sfḫ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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sfḫ
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sfḫ, sfḫw5, sfḫy5
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| imperfective
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sfḫ, sfḫy, sfḫw5
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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sfḫ, sfḫj6, sfḫy6
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sfḫ, sfḫw5
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| prospective
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sfḫ, sfḫtj7
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—
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sfḫwtj1 4, sfḫtj4, sfḫt4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
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References
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- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 116.2–117.5
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 225
