shona

See also: Shona

Finnish

Etymology

From Shona [Term?].

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʃonɑ/, [ˈʃo̞nɑ̝]

Noun

shona

1. Shona (language)
2. Shona (person)
3. (in the plural) Shona (people)

Declension

Inflection of shona (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		shona	shonat
genitive		shonan	shonien
partitive		shonaa	shonia
illative		shonaan	shoniin
		singular	plural
nominative		shona	shonat
accusative	nom.	shona	shonat
	gen.	shonan
genitive		shonan	shonien shonainrare
partitive		shonaa	shonia
inessive		shonassa	shonissa
elative		shonasta	shonista
illative		shonaan	shoniin
adessive		shonalla	shonilla
ablative		shonalta	shonilta
allative		shonalle	shonille
essive		shonana	shonina
translative		shonaksi	shoniksi
abessive		shonatta	shonitta
instructive		—	shonin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of shona (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative shonani shonani accusative nom. shonani shonani gen. shonani genitive shonani shonieni shonainirare partitive shonaani shoniani inessive shonassani shonissani elative shonastani shonistani illative shonaani shoniini adessive shonallani shonillani ablative shonaltani shoniltani allative shonalleni shonilleni essive shonanani shoninani translative shonakseni shonikseni abessive shonattani shonittani instructive — — comitative — shonineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative shonasi shonasi accusative nom. shonasi shonasi gen. shonasi genitive shonasi shoniesi shonaisirare partitive shonaasi shoniasi inessive shonassasi shonissasi elative shonastasi shonistasi illative shonaasi shoniisi adessive shonallasi shonillasi ablative shonaltasi shoniltasi allative shonallesi shonillesi essive shonanasi shoninasi translative shonaksesi shoniksesi abessive shonattasi shonittasi instructive — — comitative — shoninesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative shonamme shonamme accusative nom. shonamme shonamme gen. shonamme genitive shonamme shoniemme shonaimmerare partitive shonaamme shoniamme inessive shonassamme shonissamme elative shonastamme shonistamme illative shonaamme shoniimme adessive shonallamme shonillamme ablative shonaltamme shoniltamme allative shonallemme shonillemme essive shonanamme shoninamme translative shonaksemme shoniksemme abessive shonattamme shonittamme instructive — — comitative — shoninemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative shonanne shonanne accusative nom. shonanne shonanne gen. shonanne genitive shonanne shonienne shonainnerare partitive shonaanne shonianne inessive shonassanne shonissanne elative shonastanne shonistanne illative shonaanne shoniinne adessive shonallanne shonillanne ablative shonaltanne shoniltanne allative shonallenne shonillenne essive shonananne shoninanne translative shonaksenne shoniksenne abessive shonattanne shonittanne instructive — — comitative — shoninenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative shonansa shonansa accusative nom. shonansa shonansa gen. shonansa genitive shonansa shoniensa shonainsarare partitive shonaansa shoniaan shoniansa inessive shonassaan shonassansa shonissaan shonissansa elative shonastaan shonastansa shonistaan shonistansa illative shonaansa shoniinsa adessive shonallaan shonallansa shonillaan shonillansa ablative shonaltaan shonaltansa shoniltaan shoniltansa allative shonalleen shonallensa shonilleen shonillensa essive shonanaan shonanansa shoninaan shoninansa translative shonakseen shonaksensa shonikseen shoniksensa abessive shonattaan shonattansa shonittaan shonittansa instructive — — comitative — shonineen shoninensa

Irish

Adjective

shona

1. Lenited form of sona.

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Verb

-shona (infinitive kushona)

1. to sew, to stitch

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shona
Positive present -nashona Subjunctive -shone Negative -shoni Imperative singular shona
Infinitives
Positive kushona Negative kutoshona
Imperatives
Singular shona Plural shoneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushona Positive past positive subject concord + -lishona Negative past negative subject concord + -kushona
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashona) Singular Plural 1st person ninashona/nashona tunashona 2nd person unashona mnashona 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashona wanashona other classes positive subject concord + -nashona
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shoni) Singular Plural 1st person sishoni hatushoni 2nd person hushoni hamshoni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashoni hawashoni other classes negative subject concord + -shoni
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashona Negative future negative subject concord + -tashona
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shone) Singular Plural 1st person nishone tushone 2nd person ushone mshone 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashone washone other classes positive subject concord + -shone
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishone Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshona Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshona Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishona Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishona
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashona) Singular Plural 1st person nashona twashona 2nd person washona mwashona 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashona washona m-mi(III/IV) washona yashona ji-ma(V/VI) lashona yashona ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashona vyashona n(IX/X) yashona zashona u(XI) washona see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwashona pa(XVI) pashona mu(XVIII) mwashona
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshona "Already" positive subject concord + -meshashona "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashona "If/When" positive subject concord + -kishona "If not" positive subject concord + -siposhona Consecutive kashona / positive subject concord + -kashona Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashone
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nishona -tushona 2nd person -kushona -washona/-kushoneni/-washoneni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshona -washona m-mi(III/IV) -ushona -ishona ji-ma(V/VI) -lishona -yashona ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishona -vishona n(IX/X) -ishona -zishona u(XI) -ushona see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kushona pa(XVI) -pashona mu(XVIII) -mushona Reflexive -jishona
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shona- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -shonaye -shonao m-mi(III/IV) -shonao -shonayo ji-ma(V/VI) -shonalo -shonayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shonacho -shonavyo n(IX/X) -shonayo -shonazo u(XI) -shonao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -shonako pa(XVI) -shonapo mu(XVIII) -shonamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shona) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeshona -oshona m-mi(III/IV) -oshona -yoshona ji-ma(V/VI) -loshona -yoshona ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshona -vyoshona n(IX/X) -yoshona -zoshona u(XI) -oshona see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koshona pa(XVI) -poshona mu(XVIII) -moshona
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Nominal derivations:
  • mshonaji (“tailor”)
  • mshoni (“tailor”)

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-shôna

1. (intransitive) to sink, to go down
2. (intransitive) to set (of the sun)
3. (intransitive) to disappear
4. (intransitive, euphemistic) to die
5. (intransitive) to become ruined, to go bankrupt

Inflection

Tone HH
Infinitive	ukushona
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukushona	ukungashoni
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	shona	-shone
Plural	shonani	-shoneni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyashona, ngishona	engishonayo, engishona	ngishona	angishoni	engingashoni	ngingashoni
2nd singular	uyashona, ushona	oshonayo, oshona	ushona	awushoni	ongashoni	ungashoni
1st plural	siyashona, sishona	esishonayo, esishona	sishona	asishoni	esingashoni	singashoni
2nd plural	niyashona, nishona	enishonayo, enishona	nishona	anishoni	eningashoni	ningashoni
Class 1	uyashona, ushona	oshonayo, oshona	eshona	akashoni	ongashoni	engashoni
Class 2	bayashona, bashona	abashonayo, abashona	beshona	abashoni	abangashoni	bengashoni
Class 3	uyashona, ushona	oshonayo, oshona	ushona	awushoni	ongashoni	ungashoni
Class 4	iyashona, ishona	eshonayo, eshona	ishona	ayishoni	engashoni	ingashoni
Class 5	liyashona, lishona	elishonayo, elishona	lishona	alishoni	elingashoni	lingashoni
Class 6	ayashona, ashona	ashonayo, ashona	eshona	awashoni	angashoni	engashoni
Class 7	siyashona, sishona	esishonayo, esishona	sishona	asishoni	esingashoni	singashoni
Class 8	ziyashona, zishona	ezishonayo, ezishona	zishona	azishoni	ezingashoni	zingashoni
Class 9	iyashona, ishona	eshonayo, eshona	ishona	ayishoni	engashoni	ingashoni
Class 10	ziyashona, zishona	ezishonayo, ezishona	zishona	azishoni	ezingashoni	zingashoni
Class 11	luyashona, lushona	olushonayo, olushona	lushona	alushoni	olungashoni	lungashoni
Class 14	buyashona, bushona	obushonayo, obushona	bushona	abushoni	obungashoni	bungashoni
Class 15	kuyashona, kushona	okushonayo, okushona	kushona	akushoni	okungashoni	kungashoni
Class 17	kuyashona, kushona	okushonayo, okushona	kushona	akushoni	okungashoni	kungashoni
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngishonile, ngishonē	engishonile, engishonē	ngishonile, ngishonē	angishonanga	engingashonanga	ngingashonanga
2nd singular	ushonile, ushonē	oshonile, oshonē	ushonile, ushonē	awushonanga	ongashonanga	ungashonanga
1st plural	sishonile, sishonē	esishonile, esishonē	sishonile, sishonē	asishonanga	esingashonanga	singashonanga
2nd plural	nishonile, nishonē	enishonile, enishonē	nishonile, nishonē	anishonanga	eningashonanga	ningashonanga
Class 1	ushonile, ushonē	oshonile, oshonē	eshonile, eshonē	akashonanga	ongashonanga	engashonanga
Class 2	bashonile, bashonē	abashonile, abashonē	beshonile, beshonē	abashonanga	abangashonanga	bengashonanga
Class 3	ushonile, ushonē	oshonile, oshonē	ushonile, ushonē	awushonanga	ongashonanga	ungashonanga
Class 4	ishonile, ishonē	eshonile, eshonē	ishonile, ishonē	ayishonanga	engashonanga	ingashonanga
Class 5	lishonile, lishonē	elishonile, elishonē	lishonile, lishonē	alishonanga	elingashonanga	lingashonanga
Class 6	ashonile, ashonē	ashonile, ashonē	eshonile, eshonē	awashonanga	angashonanga	engashonanga
Class 7	sishonile, sishonē	esishonile, esishonē	sishonile, sishonē	asishonanga	esingashonanga	singashonanga
Class 8	zishonile, zishonē	ezishonile, ezishonē	zishonile, zishonē	azishonanga	ezingashonanga	zingashonanga
Class 9	ishonile, ishonē	eshonile, eshonē	ishonile, ishonē	ayishonanga	engashonanga	ingashonanga
Class 10	zishonile, zishonē	ezishonile, ezishonē	zishonile, zishonē	azishonanga	ezingashonanga	zingashonanga
Class 11	lushonile, lushonē	olushonile, olushonē	lushonile, lushonē	alushonanga	olungashonanga	lungashonanga
Class 14	bushonile, bushonē	obushonile, obushonē	bushonile, bushonē	abushonanga	obungashonanga	bungashonanga
Class 15	kushonile, kushonē	okushonile, okushonē	kushonile, kushonē	akushonanga	okungashonanga	kungashonanga
Class 17	kushonile, kushonē	okushonile, okushonē	kushonile, kushonē	akushonanga	okungashonanga	kungashonanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāshona	engāshona	ngāshona	angishonanga	engingashonanga	ngingashonanga
2nd singular	wāshona	owāshona	wāshona	awushonanga	ongashonanga	ungashonanga
1st plural	sāshona	esāshona	sāshona	asishonanga	esingashonanga	singashonanga
2nd plural	nāshona	enāshona	nāshona	anishonanga	eningashonanga	ningashonanga
Class 1	wāshona	owāshona	āshona	akashonanga	ongashonanga	engashonanga
Class 2	bāshona	abāshona	bāshona	abashonanga	abangashonanga	bengashonanga
Class 3	wāshona	owāshona	wāshona	awushonanga	ongashonanga	ungashonanga
Class 4	yāshona	eyāshona	yāshona	ayishonanga	engashonanga	ingashonanga
Class 5	lāshona	elāshona	lāshona	alishonanga	elingashonanga	lingashonanga
Class 6	āshona	āshona	āshona	awashonanga	angashonanga	engashonanga
Class 7	sāshona	esāshona	sāshona	asishonanga	esingashonanga	singashonanga
Class 8	zāshona	ezāshona	zāshona	azishonanga	ezingashonanga	zingashonanga
Class 9	yāshona	eyāshona	yāshona	ayishonanga	engashonanga	ingashonanga
Class 10	zāshona	ezāshona	zāshona	azishonanga	ezingashonanga	zingashonanga
Class 11	lwāshona	olwāshona	lwāshona	alushonanga	olungashonanga	lungashonanga
Class 14	bāshona	obāshona	bāshona	abushonanga	obungashonanga	bungashonanga
Class 15	kwāshona	okwāshona	kwāshona	akushonanga	okungashonanga	kungashonanga
Class 17	kwāshona	okwāshona	kwāshona	akushonanga	okungashonanga	kungashonanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingashona	—	ngingashona	ngingeshone	—	ngingeshone
2nd singular	ungashona	—	ungashona	ungeshone	—	ungeshone
1st plural	singashona	—	singashona	singeshone	—	singeshone
2nd plural	ningashona	—	ningashona	ningeshone	—	ningeshone
Class 1	angashona	—	engashona	angeshone	—	engeshone
Class 2	bangashona	—	bengashona	bangeshone	—	bengeshone
Class 3	ungashona	—	ungashona	ungeshone	—	ungeshone
Class 4	ingashona	—	ingashona	ingeshone	—	ingeshone
Class 5	lingashona	—	lingashona	lingeshone	—	lingeshone
Class 6	angashona	—	engashona	angeshone	—	engeshone
Class 7	singashona	—	singashona	singeshone	—	singeshone
Class 8	zingashona	—	zingashona	zingeshone	—	zingeshone
Class 9	ingashona	—	ingashona	ingeshone	—	ingeshone
Class 10	zingashona	—	zingashona	zingeshone	—	zingeshone
Class 11	lungashona	—	lungashona	lungeshone	—	lungeshone
Class 14	bungashona	—	bungashona	bungeshone	—	bungeshone
Class 15	kungashona	—	kungashona	kungeshone	—	kungeshone
Class 17	kungashona	—	kungashona	kungeshone	—	kungeshone
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoshona	engizoshona	ngizoshona	angizushona	engingezushona	ngingezushona
2nd singular	uzoshona	ozoshona	uzoshona	awuzushona	ongezushona	ungezushona
1st plural	sizoshona	esizoshona	sizoshona	asizushona	esingezushona	singezushona
2nd plural	nizoshona	enizoshona	nizoshona	anizushona	eningezushona	ningezushona
Class 1	uzoshona	ozoshona	ezoshona	akazushona	ongezushona	engezushona
Class 2	bazoshona	abazoshona	bezoshona	abazushona	abangezushona	bengezushona
Class 3	uzoshona	ozoshona	uzoshona	awuzushona	ongezushona	ungezushona
Class 4	izoshona	ezoshona	izoshona	ayizushona	engezushona	ingezushona
Class 5	lizoshona	elizoshona	lizoshona	alizushona	elingezushona	lingezushona
Class 6	azoshona	azoshona	ezoshona	awazushona	angezushona	engezushona
Class 7	sizoshona	esizoshona	sizoshona	asizushona	esingezushona	singezushona
Class 8	zizoshona	ezizoshona	zizoshona	azizushona	ezingezushona	zingezushona
Class 9	izoshona	ezoshona	izoshona	ayizushona	engezushona	ingezushona
Class 10	zizoshona	ezizoshona	zizoshona	azizushona	ezingezushona	zingezushona
Class 11	luzoshona	oluzoshona	luzoshona	aluzushona	olungezushona	lungezushona
Class 14	buzoshona	obuzoshona	buzoshona	abuzushona	obungezushona	bungezushona
Class 15	kuzoshona	okuzoshona	kuzoshona	akuzushona	okungezushona	kungezushona
Class 17	kuzoshona	okuzoshona	kuzoshona	akuzushona	okungezushona	kungezushona
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoshona	engiyoshona	ngiyoshona	angiyushona	engingeyushona	ngingeyushona
2nd singular	uyoshona	oyoshona	uyoshona	awuyushona	ongeyushona	ungeyushona
1st plural	siyoshona	esiyoshona	siyoshona	asiyushona	esingeyushona	singeyushona
2nd plural	niyoshona	eniyoshona	niyoshona	aniyushona	eningeyushona	ningeyushona
Class 1	uyoshona	oyoshona	eyoshona	akayushona	ongeyushona	engeyushona
Class 2	bayoshona	abayoshona	beyoshona	abayushona	abangeyushona	bengeyushona
Class 3	uyoshona	oyoshona	uyoshona	awuyushona	ongeyushona	ungeyushona
Class 4	iyoshona	eyoshona	iyoshona	ayiyushona	engeyushona	ingeyushona
Class 5	liyoshona	eliyoshona	liyoshona	aliyushona	elingeyushona	lingeyushona
Class 6	ayoshona	ayoshona	eyoshona	awayushona	angeyushona	engeyushona
Class 7	siyoshona	esiyoshona	siyoshona	asiyushona	esingeyushona	singeyushona
Class 8	ziyoshona	eziyoshona	ziyoshona	aziyushona	ezingeyushona	zingeyushona
Class 9	iyoshona	eyoshona	iyoshona	ayiyushona	engeyushona	ingeyushona
Class 10	ziyoshona	eziyoshona	ziyoshona	aziyushona	ezingeyushona	zingeyushona
Class 11	luyoshona	oluyoshona	luyoshona	aluyushona	olungeyushona	lungeyushona
Class 14	buyoshona	obuyoshona	buyoshona	abuyushona	obungeyushona	bungeyushona
Class 15	kuyoshona	okuyoshona	kuyoshona	akuyushona	okungeyushona	kungeyushona
Class 17	kuyoshona	okuyoshona	kuyoshona	akuyushona	okungeyushona	kungeyushona
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngishone	ngingashoni
2nd singular	ushone	ungashoni
1st plural	sishone	singashoni
2nd plural	nishone	ningashoni
Class 1	ashone	angashoni
Class 2	bashone	bangashoni
Class 3	ushone	ungashoni
Class 4	ishone	ingashoni
Class 5	lishone	lingashoni
Class 6	ashone	angashoni
Class 7	sishone	singashoni
Class 8	zishone	zingashoni
Class 9	ishone	ingashoni
Class 10	zishone	zingashoni
Class 11	lushone	lungashoni
Class 14	bushone	bungashoni
Class 15	kushone	kungashoni
Class 17	kushone	kungashoni
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngashona	ngangashona, angashona, angangashona
2nd singular	washona	wangashona, awashona, awangashona
1st plural	sashona	sangashona, asashona, asangashona
2nd plural	nashona	nangashona, anashona, anangashona
Class 1	washona	wangashona, akashona, akangashona
Class 2	bashona	bangashona, abashona, abangashona
Class 3	washona	wangashona, awashona, awangashona
Class 4	yashona	yangashona, ayashona, ayangashona
Class 5	lashona	langashona, alashona, alangashona
Class 6	ashona	angashona, awashona, awangashona
Class 7	sashona	sangashona, asashona, asangashona
Class 8	zashona	zangashona, azashona, azangashona
Class 9	yashona	yangashona, ayashona, ayangashona
Class 10	zashona	zangashona, azashona, azangashona
Class 11	lwashona	lwangashona, alwashona, alwangashona
Class 14	bashona	bangashona, abashona, abangashona
Class 15	kwashona	kwangashona, akwashona, akwangashona
Class 17	kwashona	kwangashona, akwashona, akwangashona

Derived terms

• intshonalanga

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “shona”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shona (3-8.9)”