Bau Bidayuh
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Bavarian
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Brunei Malay
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Central Melanau
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Indonesian
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Javanese
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Romanization
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singa
- Romanization of ꦱꦶꦔ.
Etymology
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Borrowed from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”).
Pronunciation
edit
singa (Jawi spelling سيڠا, plural singa-singa, informal 1st possessive singaku, 2nd possessive singamu, 3rd possessive singanya)
- lion (big cat Panthera leo)
Further reading
edit
Mori Bawah
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Etymology
edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
edit
IPA(key): /siːnɡa/
-singa
- (transitive) to concentrate on
- (transitive) to shave (cut off hair)
Inflection
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Tone L
|
---|
Infinitive
|
ukusinga
|
---|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
---|
Infinitive
|
ukusinga
|
ukungasingi
|
---|
|
Imperative
|
---|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
---|
Singular
|
singa
|
-singe
|
---|
Plural
|
singani
|
-singeni
|
---|
|
Present
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngiyasinga, ngisinga
|
engisingayo, engisinga
|
ngisinga
|
angisingi
|
engingasingi
|
ngingasingi
|
---|
2nd singular
|
uyasinga, usinga
|
osingayo, osinga
|
usinga
|
awusingi
|
ongasingi
|
ungasingi
|
---|
1st plural
|
siyasinga, sisinga
|
esisingayo, esisinga
|
sisinga
|
asisingi
|
esingasingi
|
singasingi
|
---|
2nd plural
|
niyasinga, nisinga
|
enisingayo, enisinga
|
nisinga
|
anisingi
|
eningasingi
|
ningasingi
|
---|
Class 1
|
uyasinga, usinga
|
osingayo, osinga
|
esinga
|
akasingi
|
ongasingi
|
engasingi
|
---|
Class 2
|
bayasinga, basinga
|
abasingayo, abasinga
|
besinga
|
abasingi
|
abangasingi
|
bengasingi
|
---|
Class 3
|
uyasinga, usinga
|
osingayo, osinga
|
usinga
|
awusingi
|
ongasingi
|
ungasingi
|
---|
Class 4
|
iyasinga, isinga
|
esingayo, esinga
|
isinga
|
ayisingi
|
engasingi
|
ingasingi
|
---|
Class 5
|
liyasinga, lisinga
|
elisingayo, elisinga
|
lisinga
|
alisingi
|
elingasingi
|
lingasingi
|
---|
Class 6
|
ayasinga, asinga
|
asingayo, asinga
|
esinga
|
awasingi
|
angasingi
|
engasingi
|
---|
Class 7
|
siyasinga, sisinga
|
esisingayo, esisinga
|
sisinga
|
asisingi
|
esingasingi
|
singasingi
|
---|
Class 8
|
ziyasinga, zisinga
|
ezisingayo, ezisinga
|
zisinga
|
azisingi
|
ezingasingi
|
zingasingi
|
---|
Class 9
|
iyasinga, isinga
|
esingayo, esinga
|
isinga
|
ayisingi
|
engasingi
|
ingasingi
|
---|
Class 10
|
ziyasinga, zisinga
|
ezisingayo, ezisinga
|
zisinga
|
azisingi
|
ezingasingi
|
zingasingi
|
---|
Class 11
|
luyasinga, lusinga
|
olusingayo, olusinga
|
lusinga
|
alusingi
|
olungasingi
|
lungasingi
|
---|
Class 14
|
buyasinga, businga
|
obusingayo, obusinga
|
businga
|
abusingi
|
obungasingi
|
bungasingi
|
---|
Class 15
|
kuyasinga, kusinga
|
okusingayo, okusinga
|
kusinga
|
akusingi
|
okungasingi
|
kungasingi
|
---|
Class 17
|
kuyasinga, kusinga
|
okusingayo, okusinga
|
kusinga
|
akusingi
|
okungasingi
|
kungasingi
|
---|
|
Recent past
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngisingile, ngisingē
|
engisingile, engisingē
|
ngisingile, ngisingē
|
angisinganga
|
engingasinganga
|
ngingasinganga
|
---|
2nd singular
|
usingile, usingē
|
osingile, osingē
|
usingile, usingē
|
awusinganga
|
ongasinganga
|
ungasinganga
|
---|
1st plural
|
sisingile, sisingē
|
esisingile, esisingē
|
sisingile, sisingē
|
asisinganga
|
esingasinganga
|
singasinganga
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nisingile, nisingē
|
enisingile, enisingē
|
nisingile, nisingē
|
anisinganga
|
eningasinganga
|
ningasinganga
|
---|
Class 1
|
usingile, usingē
|
osingile, osingē
|
esingile, esingē
|
akasinganga
|
ongasinganga
|
engasinganga
|
---|
Class 2
|
basingile, basingē
|
abasingile, abasingē
|
besingile, besingē
|
abasinganga
|
abangasinganga
|
bengasinganga
|
---|
Class 3
|
usingile, usingē
|
osingile, osingē
|
usingile, usingē
|
awusinganga
|
ongasinganga
|
ungasinganga
|
---|
Class 4
|
isingile, isingē
|
esingile, esingē
|
isingile, isingē
|
ayisinganga
|
engasinganga
|
ingasinganga
|
---|
Class 5
|
lisingile, lisingē
|
elisingile, elisingē
|
lisingile, lisingē
|
alisinganga
|
elingasinganga
|
lingasinganga
|
---|
Class 6
|
asingile, asingē
|
asingile, asingē
|
esingile, esingē
|
awasinganga
|
angasinganga
|
engasinganga
|
---|
Class 7
|
sisingile, sisingē
|
esisingile, esisingē
|
sisingile, sisingē
|
asisinganga
|
esingasinganga
|
singasinganga
|
---|
Class 8
|
zisingile, zisingē
|
ezisingile, ezisingē
|
zisingile, zisingē
|
azisinganga
|
ezingasinganga
|
zingasinganga
|
---|
Class 9
|
isingile, isingē
|
esingile, esingē
|
isingile, isingē
|
ayisinganga
|
engasinganga
|
ingasinganga
|
---|
Class 10
|
zisingile, zisingē
|
ezisingile, ezisingē
|
zisingile, zisingē
|
azisinganga
|
ezingasinganga
|
zingasinganga
|
---|
Class 11
|
lusingile, lusingē
|
olusingile, olusingē
|
lusingile, lusingē
|
alusinganga
|
olungasinganga
|
lungasinganga
|
---|
Class 14
|
busingile, busingē
|
obusingile, obusingē
|
busingile, busingē
|
abusinganga
|
obungasinganga
|
bungasinganga
|
---|
Class 15
|
kusingile, kusingē
|
okusingile, okusingē
|
kusingile, kusingē
|
akusinganga
|
okungasinganga
|
kungasinganga
|
---|
Class 17
|
kusingile, kusingē
|
okusingile, okusingē
|
kusingile, kusingē
|
akusinganga
|
okungasinganga
|
kungasinganga
|
---|
|
Remote past
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngāsinga
|
engāsinga
|
ngāsinga
|
angisinganga
|
engingasinganga
|
ngingasinganga
|
---|
2nd singular
|
wāsinga
|
owāsinga
|
wāsinga
|
awusinganga
|
ongasinganga
|
ungasinganga
|
---|
1st plural
|
sāsinga
|
esāsinga
|
sāsinga
|
asisinganga
|
esingasinganga
|
singasinganga
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nāsinga
|
enāsinga
|
nāsinga
|
anisinganga
|
eningasinganga
|
ningasinganga
|
---|
Class 1
|
wāsinga
|
owāsinga
|
āsinga
|
akasinganga
|
ongasinganga
|
engasinganga
|
---|
Class 2
|
bāsinga
|
abāsinga
|
bāsinga
|
abasinganga
|
abangasinganga
|
bengasinganga
|
---|
Class 3
|
wāsinga
|
owāsinga
|
wāsinga
|
awusinganga
|
ongasinganga
|
ungasinganga
|
---|
Class 4
|
yāsinga
|
eyāsinga
|
yāsinga
|
ayisinganga
|
engasinganga
|
ingasinganga
|
---|
Class 5
|
lāsinga
|
elāsinga
|
lāsinga
|
alisinganga
|
elingasinganga
|
lingasinganga
|
---|
Class 6
|
āsinga
|
āsinga
|
āsinga
|
awasinganga
|
angasinganga
|
engasinganga
|
---|
Class 7
|
sāsinga
|
esāsinga
|
sāsinga
|
asisinganga
|
esingasinganga
|
singasinganga
|
---|
Class 8
|
zāsinga
|
ezāsinga
|
zāsinga
|
azisinganga
|
ezingasinganga
|
zingasinganga
|
---|
Class 9
|
yāsinga
|
eyāsinga
|
yāsinga
|
ayisinganga
|
engasinganga
|
ingasinganga
|
---|
Class 10
|
zāsinga
|
ezāsinga
|
zāsinga
|
azisinganga
|
ezingasinganga
|
zingasinganga
|
---|
Class 11
|
lwāsinga
|
olwāsinga
|
lwāsinga
|
alusinganga
|
olungasinganga
|
lungasinganga
|
---|
Class 14
|
bāsinga
|
obāsinga
|
bāsinga
|
abusinganga
|
obungasinganga
|
bungasinganga
|
---|
Class 15
|
kwāsinga
|
okwāsinga
|
kwāsinga
|
akusinganga
|
okungasinganga
|
kungasinganga
|
---|
Class 17
|
kwāsinga
|
okwāsinga
|
kwāsinga
|
akusinganga
|
okungasinganga
|
kungasinganga
|
---|
|
Potential
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngingasinga
|
—
|
ngingasinga
|
ngingesinge
|
—
|
ngingesinge
|
---|
2nd singular
|
ungasinga
|
—
|
ungasinga
|
ungesinge
|
—
|
ungesinge
|
---|
1st plural
|
singasinga
|
—
|
singasinga
|
singesinge
|
—
|
singesinge
|
---|
2nd plural
|
ningasinga
|
—
|
ningasinga
|
ningesinge
|
—
|
ningesinge
|
---|
Class 1
|
angasinga
|
—
|
engasinga
|
angesinge
|
—
|
engesinge
|
---|
Class 2
|
bangasinga
|
—
|
bengasinga
|
bangesinge
|
—
|
bengesinge
|
---|
Class 3
|
ungasinga
|
—
|
ungasinga
|
ungesinge
|
—
|
ungesinge
|
---|
Class 4
|
ingasinga
|
—
|
ingasinga
|
ingesinge
|
—
|
ingesinge
|
---|
Class 5
|
lingasinga
|
—
|
lingasinga
|
lingesinge
|
—
|
lingesinge
|
---|
Class 6
|
angasinga
|
—
|
engasinga
|
angesinge
|
—
|
engesinge
|
---|
Class 7
|
singasinga
|
—
|
singasinga
|
singesinge
|
—
|
singesinge
|
---|
Class 8
|
zingasinga
|
—
|
zingasinga
|
zingesinge
|
—
|
zingesinge
|
---|
Class 9
|
ingasinga
|
—
|
ingasinga
|
ingesinge
|
—
|
ingesinge
|
---|
Class 10
|
zingasinga
|
—
|
zingasinga
|
zingesinge
|
—
|
zingesinge
|
---|
Class 11
|
lungasinga
|
—
|
lungasinga
|
lungesinge
|
—
|
lungesinge
|
---|
Class 14
|
bungasinga
|
—
|
bungasinga
|
bungesinge
|
—
|
bungesinge
|
---|
Class 15
|
kungasinga
|
—
|
kungasinga
|
kungesinge
|
—
|
kungesinge
|
---|
Class 17
|
kungasinga
|
—
|
kungasinga
|
kungesinge
|
—
|
kungesinge
|
---|
|
Immediate future
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngizosinga
|
engizosinga
|
ngizosinga
|
angizusinga
|
engingezusinga
|
ngingezusinga
|
---|
2nd singular
|
uzosinga
|
ozosinga
|
uzosinga
|
awuzusinga
|
ongezusinga
|
ungezusinga
|
---|
1st plural
|
sizosinga
|
esizosinga
|
sizosinga
|
asizusinga
|
esingezusinga
|
singezusinga
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nizosinga
|
enizosinga
|
nizosinga
|
anizusinga
|
eningezusinga
|
ningezusinga
|
---|
Class 1
|
uzosinga
|
ozosinga
|
ezosinga
|
akazusinga
|
ongezusinga
|
engezusinga
|
---|
Class 2
|
bazosinga
|
abazosinga
|
bezosinga
|
abazusinga
|
abangezusinga
|
bengezusinga
|
---|
Class 3
|
uzosinga
|
ozosinga
|
uzosinga
|
awuzusinga
|
ongezusinga
|
ungezusinga
|
---|
Class 4
|
izosinga
|
ezosinga
|
izosinga
|
ayizusinga
|
engezusinga
|
ingezusinga
|
---|
Class 5
|
lizosinga
|
elizosinga
|
lizosinga
|
alizusinga
|
elingezusinga
|
lingezusinga
|
---|
Class 6
|
azosinga
|
azosinga
|
ezosinga
|
awazusinga
|
angezusinga
|
engezusinga
|
---|
Class 7
|
sizosinga
|
esizosinga
|
sizosinga
|
asizusinga
|
esingezusinga
|
singezusinga
|
---|
Class 8
|
zizosinga
|
ezizosinga
|
zizosinga
|
azizusinga
|
ezingezusinga
|
zingezusinga
|
---|
Class 9
|
izosinga
|
ezosinga
|
izosinga
|
ayizusinga
|
engezusinga
|
ingezusinga
|
---|
Class 10
|
zizosinga
|
ezizosinga
|
zizosinga
|
azizusinga
|
ezingezusinga
|
zingezusinga
|
---|
Class 11
|
luzosinga
|
oluzosinga
|
luzosinga
|
aluzusinga
|
olungezusinga
|
lungezusinga
|
---|
Class 14
|
buzosinga
|
obuzosinga
|
buzosinga
|
abuzusinga
|
obungezusinga
|
bungezusinga
|
---|
Class 15
|
kuzosinga
|
okuzosinga
|
kuzosinga
|
akuzusinga
|
okungezusinga
|
kungezusinga
|
---|
Class 17
|
kuzosinga
|
okuzosinga
|
kuzosinga
|
akuzusinga
|
okungezusinga
|
kungezusinga
|
---|
|
Remote future
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngiyosinga
|
engiyosinga
|
ngiyosinga
|
angiyusinga
|
engingeyusinga
|
ngingeyusinga
|
---|
2nd singular
|
uyosinga
|
oyosinga
|
uyosinga
|
awuyusinga
|
ongeyusinga
|
ungeyusinga
|
---|
1st plural
|
siyosinga
|
esiyosinga
|
siyosinga
|
asiyusinga
|
esingeyusinga
|
singeyusinga
|
---|
2nd plural
|
niyosinga
|
eniyosinga
|
niyosinga
|
aniyusinga
|
eningeyusinga
|
ningeyusinga
|
---|
Class 1
|
uyosinga
|
oyosinga
|
eyosinga
|
akayusinga
|
ongeyusinga
|
engeyusinga
|
---|
Class 2
|
bayosinga
|
abayosinga
|
beyosinga
|
abayusinga
|
abangeyusinga
|
bengeyusinga
|
---|
Class 3
|
uyosinga
|
oyosinga
|
uyosinga
|
awuyusinga
|
ongeyusinga
|
ungeyusinga
|
---|
Class 4
|
iyosinga
|
eyosinga
|
iyosinga
|
ayiyusinga
|
engeyusinga
|
ingeyusinga
|
---|
Class 5
|
liyosinga
|
eliyosinga
|
liyosinga
|
aliyusinga
|
elingeyusinga
|
lingeyusinga
|
---|
Class 6
|
ayosinga
|
ayosinga
|
eyosinga
|
awayusinga
|
angeyusinga
|
engeyusinga
|
---|
Class 7
|
siyosinga
|
esiyosinga
|
siyosinga
|
asiyusinga
|
esingeyusinga
|
singeyusinga
|
---|
Class 8
|
ziyosinga
|
eziyosinga
|
ziyosinga
|
aziyusinga
|
ezingeyusinga
|
zingeyusinga
|
---|
Class 9
|
iyosinga
|
eyosinga
|
iyosinga
|
ayiyusinga
|
engeyusinga
|
ingeyusinga
|
---|
Class 10
|
ziyosinga
|
eziyosinga
|
ziyosinga
|
aziyusinga
|
ezingeyusinga
|
zingeyusinga
|
---|
Class 11
|
luyosinga
|
oluyosinga
|
luyosinga
|
aluyusinga
|
olungeyusinga
|
lungeyusinga
|
---|
Class 14
|
buyosinga
|
obuyosinga
|
buyosinga
|
abuyusinga
|
obungeyusinga
|
bungeyusinga
|
---|
Class 15
|
kuyosinga
|
okuyosinga
|
kuyosinga
|
akuyusinga
|
okungeyusinga
|
kungeyusinga
|
---|
Class 17
|
kuyosinga
|
okuyosinga
|
kuyosinga
|
akuyusinga
|
okungeyusinga
|
kungeyusinga
|
---|
|
Present subjunctive
|
---|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngisinge
|
ngingasingi
|
---|
2nd singular
|
usinge
|
ungasingi
|
---|
1st plural
|
sisinge
|
singasingi
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nisinge
|
ningasingi
|
---|
Class 1
|
asinge
|
angasingi
|
---|
Class 2
|
basinge
|
bangasingi
|
---|
Class 3
|
usinge
|
ungasingi
|
---|
Class 4
|
isinge
|
ingasingi
|
---|
Class 5
|
lisinge
|
lingasingi
|
---|
Class 6
|
asinge
|
angasingi
|
---|
Class 7
|
sisinge
|
singasingi
|
---|
Class 8
|
zisinge
|
zingasingi
|
---|
Class 9
|
isinge
|
ingasingi
|
---|
Class 10
|
zisinge
|
zingasingi
|
---|
Class 11
|
lusinge
|
lungasingi
|
---|
Class 14
|
businge
|
bungasingi
|
---|
Class 15
|
kusinge
|
kungasingi
|
---|
Class 17
|
kusinge
|
kungasingi
|
---|
|
Past subjunctive
|
---|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngasinga
|
ngangasinga, angasinga, angangasinga
|
---|
2nd singular
|
wasinga
|
wangasinga, awasinga, awangasinga
|
---|
1st plural
|
sasinga
|
sangasinga, asasinga, asangasinga
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nasinga
|
nangasinga, anasinga, anangasinga
|
---|
Class 1
|
wasinga
|
wangasinga, akasinga, akangasinga
|
---|
Class 2
|
basinga
|
bangasinga, abasinga, abangasinga
|
---|
Class 3
|
wasinga
|
wangasinga, awasinga, awangasinga
|
---|
Class 4
|
yasinga
|
yangasinga, ayasinga, ayangasinga
|
---|
Class 5
|
lasinga
|
langasinga, alasinga, alangasinga
|
---|
Class 6
|
asinga
|
angasinga, awasinga, awangasinga
|
---|
Class 7
|
sasinga
|
sangasinga, asasinga, asangasinga
|
---|
Class 8
|
zasinga
|
zangasinga, azasinga, azangasinga
|
---|
Class 9
|
yasinga
|
yangasinga, ayasinga, ayangasinga
|
---|
Class 10
|
zasinga
|
zangasinga, azasinga, azangasinga
|
---|
Class 11
|
lwasinga
|
lwangasinga, alwasinga, alwangasinga
|
---|
Class 14
|
basinga
|
bangasinga, abasinga, abangasinga
|
---|
Class 15
|
kwasinga
|
kwangasinga, akwasinga, akwangasinga
|
---|
Class 17
|
kwasinga
|
kwangasinga, akwasinga, akwangasinga
|
---|
Derived terms
edit
References
edit