singen
Cimbrian edit
Verb edit
singen
- to sing
References edit
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German singen, from Old High German singan, from Proto-West Germanic *singwan, from Proto-Germanic *singwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sengʷʰ-.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
singen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present singt, past tense sang, past participle gesungen, past subjunctive sänge, auxiliary haben)
- to sing
- 1931, Arthur Schnitzler, Flucht in die Finsternis, S. Fischer Verlag, page 38:
- Er ging rasch und sicher, trällerte vor sich hin, endlich begann er sogar zu singen mit einer schönen dunklen Stimme, die ihm selber fremd vorkam.
- He walked fast and firmly, trilled to himself, finally he even started to sing in a beautiful dark voice, which seemed unfamiliar to himself.
Conjugation edit
infinitive | singen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | singend | ||||
past participle | gesungen | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich singe | wir singen | i | ich singe | wir singen |
du singst | ihr singt | du singest | ihr singet | ||
er singt | sie singen | er singe | sie singen | ||
preterite | ich sang | wir sangen | ii | ich sänge1 | wir sängen1 |
du sangst | ihr sangt | du sängest1 du sängst1 |
ihr sänget1 ihr sängt1 | ||
er sang | sie sangen | er sänge1 | sie sängen1 | ||
imperative | sing (du) singe (du) |
singt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Low German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Low German singen, from Old Saxon singan.
Verb edit
singen (past singular sung, past participle sungen, auxiliary verb hebben)
- (Low Saxon) to sing
Conjugation edit
infinitive | singen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | sing | sung |
2nd person singular | sings(t) | sungs(t) |
3rd person singular | sing(t) | sung |
plural | singt, singen | sungen |
imperative | present | — |
singular | sing | |
plural | singt | |
participle | present | past |
singen | (e)sungen, gesungen | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Old Dutch singan, from Proto-West Germanic *singwan.
Verb edit
singen
- to sing
Inflection edit
Strong class 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | singen | |
3rd sg. past | sanc | |
3rd pl. past | songen | |
Past participle | gesongen | |
Infinitive | singen | |
In genitive | singens | |
In dative | singene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | singe | sanc |
2nd singular | sincs, singes | soncs, songes |
3rd singular | sinct, singet | sanc |
1st plural | singen | songen |
2nd plural | sinct, singet | sonct, songet |
3rd plural | singen | songen |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | singe | songe |
2nd singular | sincs, singes | songes |
3rd singular | singe | songe |
1st plural | singen | songen |
2nd plural | sinct, singet | songet |
3rd plural | singen | songen |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | sinc, singe | |
Plural | sinct, singet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | singende | gesongen |
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “singhen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “singen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old English singan (“to sing”). Cognate with Middle Dutch singen, Middle High German singen, Old Swedish siunga, and Crimean Gothic singhen.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
singen
- To sing (something); to produce (certain) noises with one's voice:
- To produce chants or other sung verse (especially of a religious nature).
- a. 1380, John Wycliffe, Of feyned contemplatif lif, of song, of þe ordynal of salisbury, & of bodely almes & worldly bysynesse of prestis; hou bi þes foure þe fend lettiþ hem fro prechynge of þe gospel[1]:
- Þan were matynys & masse & euen song, placebo & dirige & comendacion & matynes of oure lady ordeyned of synful men, to be songen wiþ heiȝe criynge to lette men fro þe sentence & vnderstondynge of þat þat was þus songen, & to maken men wery & vndisposid to studie goddis lawe for akyng of hedis […]
- Then there were matins, mass, evensong, placebo, dirges, commendations, and matins of Our Lady, which originated from sinful men, to be sung with high-pitched shrieking to keep people from the meaning and understanding of that which was sung, as to make men weary and unsuited to study God's law because of headaches […]
- To explicate or narrate in song.
- To cry in agony; to produce lamentations.
- To produce birdsong or a similar noise.
- To produce chants or other sung verse (especially of a religious nature).
- To talk, recite, or declare (especially in a particular way or manner):
- To use or play a musical instrument.
- To make the sound of a musical instrument.
- To undergo agony or sorrow.
- (rare) To make an animal sound.
Conjugation edit
infinitive | (to) singen, singe | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | singe | sang | |
2nd-person singular | singest | sunge, sange, sang | |
3rd-person singular | singeth | sang | |
subjunctive singular | singe | sunge1, sange1 | |
imperative singular | — | ||
plural2 | singen, singe | sungen, sunge, sangen, sange | |
imperative plural | singeth, singe | — | |
participles | singynge, singende | sungen, sunge |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Conjugation edit
- “singen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-09-20.
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
singen
- Alternative form of synnen
Middle High German edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old High German singan.
Verb edit
singen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present singet, past tense sanc, past participle gesungen, past subjunctive sünge, auxiliary hân)
- to sing
Conjugation edit
infinitive | singen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
genitive gerund | singennes singenes | ||||
dative gerund | singenne singene | ||||
present participle | singende | ||||
past participle | gesungen | ||||
auxiliary | hân | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich singe | wir singen | i | ich singe | wir singen |
du singest | ir singet | du singest | ir singet | ||
ër singet | sie singent | ër singe | sie singen | ||
preterite | ich sanc | wir sungen | ii | ich sünge | wir süngen |
du sünge | ir sunget | du süngest | ir sünget | ||
ër sanc | sie sungen | ër sünge | sie süngen | ||
imperative | sinc (du) | singet (ir) |
Descendants edit
- Alemannic German:
- Swabian:
- Sathmar Swabian: singe
- Swabian:
- Bavarian: singa
- Cimbrian: singen
- Central Franconian:
- Hunsrik: singe
- German: singen
- Luxembourgish: sangen
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pennsylvania German: singe
- Yiddish: זינגען (zingen)
References edit
- Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “singen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke[3], Stuttgart: S. Hirzel