spiritus
See also: Spiritus
English edit
Etymology edit
From Latin spīritus. Doublet of spirit, sprite, and esprit.
Noun edit
spiritus (plural spirituses or spiritus)
- A breathing.
- An aspirate.
- Any spirituous preparation.
Related terms edit
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Derived from Latin spīritus, from or related to spīrō.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
spiritus m inan
Declension edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Latin spīritus (“breath; spirit”).
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
spiritus m (plural spiritussen or spiritus, diminutive spiritusje n) (in sense 2)
- methylated spirit
- Synonym: brandspiritus
- (orthography) A kind of diacritic used on Ancient Greek vowels to indicate aspiration or lack thereof. See spiritus asper and spiritus lenis.
Descendants edit
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch spiritus, from Latin spīritus (“breath; spirit”). Doublet of spirit.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
spiritus (plural spiritus-spiritus, first-person possessive spiritusku, second-person possessive spiritusmu, third-person possessive spiritusnya)
Alternative forms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “spiritus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From spīrō (“I breathe; I blow, exhale, emit; I respire; I live; I am inspired; I show, express”) + -tus.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈspiː.ri.tus/, [ˈs̠piːrɪt̪ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈspi.ri.tus/, [ˈspiːrit̪us]
Noun edit
spīritus m (genitive spīritūs); fourth declension
- air, breath, breathing
- 1833, Classicorum auctorum e Vaticanicis codicibus editorum tomus V., Rome, page 595:
- Spīritūs sunt duo dasia et psile.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- light breeze
- spirit, ghost
- mind
- energy; courage
- pride, haughtiness, arrogance
- Synonyms: superbia, arrogantia
Declension edit
Fourth-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | spīritus | spīritūs |
Genitive | spīritūs | spīrituum |
Dative | spīrituī | spīritibus |
Accusative | spīritum | spīritūs |
Ablative | spīritū | spīritibus |
Vocative | spīritus | spīritūs |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Albanian: shpirt
- → Asturian: espíritu
- → Proto-Brythonic: *ɨspɨrɨd
- → Dutch: spiritus
- → Old French: espirit
- → Friulian: spirt
- → German: Spiritus
- → Old Irish: spirut, spiurt
- → Italian: spirito, spirto
- >? Ladin: spiert, spirt (might be inherited)
- → Old Occitan: esperit
- → Old Galician-Portuguese: espirito
- → Romanian: spirit, spiriduș
- >? Romansch: spiert, spért (might be inherited)
- → Sardinian: ispìritu
- → Sicilian: spìritu, spirdu
- → Old Spanish: espirtu, espirto
- → Venetian: spirito
- → Walloon: spert
References edit
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “spīritus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 12: Sk–š, page 195
- Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “spiritus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German)
Further reading edit
- “spiritus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “spiritus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- spiritus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- spiritus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1468
- spiritus in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, volume 2, 8th edition, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 2764
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to breathe, live: animam, spiritum ducere
- to breathe the air: aera spiritu ducere
- to suffocate a person: spiritum intercludere alicui
- to give up the ghost: extremum vitae spiritum edere
- inspired: divino quodam spiritu inflatus or tactus
- to be haughty: magnos spiritus sibi sumere (B. G. 1. 33)
- to lower a person's pride: spiritus alicuius reprimere
- patrician arrogance; pride of caste: spiritus patricii (Liv. 4. 42)
- to assume a despotic tone: regios spiritus sibi sumere
- to destroy a despotism, tyranny: regios spiritus reprimere (Nep. Dion. 5. 5)
- to breathe, live: animam, spiritum ducere