straffen
Danish edit
Noun edit
straffen
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Dutch straffen, probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”).[1] The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar. Note however that forms with a long vowel do occur in dialectal Dutch.
Verb edit
straffen
- (transitive) to punish
- (transitive) to sentence
Inflection edit
Inflection of straffen (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | straffen | |||
past singular | strafte | |||
past participle | gestraft | |||
infinitive | straffen | |||
gerund | straffen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | straf | strafte | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | straft | strafte | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | straft | strafte | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | straft | strafte | ||
3rd person singular | straft | strafte | ||
plural | straffen | straften | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | straffe | strafte | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | straffen | straften | ||
imperative sing. | straf | |||
imperative plur.1 | straft | |||
participles | straffend | gestraft | ||
1) Archaic. |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Afrikaans: straf
- Berbice Creole Dutch: strafu
- Negerhollands: straaf
- → Aukan: sitaafu
- → Papiamentu: straf
References edit
- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “straf1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
straffen
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From straff (“tight, taut”).
Verb edit
straffen (weak, third-person singular present strafft, past tense straffte, past participle gestrafft, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to tighten, tauten
Conjugation edit
infinitive | straffen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | straffend | ||||
past participle | gestrafft | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich straffe | wir straffen | i | ich straffe | wir straffen |
du straffst | ihr strafft | du straffest | ihr straffet | ||
er strafft | sie straffen | er straffe | sie straffen | ||
preterite | ich straffte | wir strafften | ii | ich straffte1 | wir strafften1 |
du strafftest | ihr strafftet | du strafftest1 | ihr strafftet1 | ||
er straffte | sie strafften | er straffte1 | sie strafften1 | ||
imperative | straff (du) straffe (du) |
strafft (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Adjective edit
straffen
- inflection of straff:
Further reading edit
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”).[1] The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar.
Verb edit
straffen
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Alternative forms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “straf1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
Further reading edit
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “straffen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Noun edit
straffen m
Swedish edit
Noun edit
straffen