suadeo

Latin edit

Etymology edit

From a Proto-Indo-European causative verb in *-éyeti from the root *sweh₂d- (“sweet”),^[1]^[2]^[3] hence literally, “to make sweet, pleasing”. The stem of the original verb may have been either the zero-grade *suh₂d-éyeti,^[2] as in Sanskrit सूदयति (sūdáyati, “to make tasty”), or the o-grade *swoh₂d-éyeti,^[3] but in the end it was secondarily replaced with the full grade by influence of the related adjective suāvis (“sweet”).^[2]^[3]

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsu̯aː.de.oː/, [ˈs̠u̯äːd̪eoː]
(Classical) IPA^(key): /suˈaː.de.oː/, [s̠uˈäːd̪eoː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /suˈa.de.o/, [suˈäːd̪eo]
Note: while the word generally scans with a glide in classical poetry, the rare pronunciation of the u as a vowel (in hiatus) is attested as early as Lucretius (see quotations). Compare the similar phenomenon in suāvis, which Romance languages reflect with a hiatus.

Verb edit

suādeō (present infinitive suādēre, perfect active suāsī, supine suāsum); second conjugation

to recommend, advise
Synonyms: commendō, admoneō, moneō, dēlīberō, conciliō, cēnseō, praedicō, suggerō
- c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De Rerum Natura 4.1157–8:
  Atque aliōs aliī irrīdent Veneremque sŭādent
  ut plācent, quoniam foedō adflictentur amōre.
  They [lovers] make fun of each other, advising to placate Venus as they're afflicted with foul love.
to urge, exhort, induce, impel, suade, persuade
Synonyms: persuādeō, perdūcō, convincō, exhortor, indūcō, moveō

Antonyms: dissuādeō, tardō, obiūrgō
- c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.264:
  hic iam galbaneōs suādēbō incendere odōrēs
  Then I would urge you to burn fragrant resin of galbanum
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.703–704:
  hīs amor, ut repetant, illīs, ut reddere nōlint,
  suādet; et ex causā pugnat uterque parī.
  Love persuades – these [men], to reclaim [their betrothed women], and those [men], [who] do not wish to return [the women]; and so from the same motive each one of them fights.
  (Phoebe (daughter of Leucippus) and Hilaeira, already betrothed to Lynceus of Messene and Idas of Messene, had been abducted by Castor and Pollux.)
to advocate, promote, support

Conjugation edit

This verb has only limited passive conjugation; only third-person passive forms are attested in surviving sources.

Conjugation of suādeō (second conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	suādeō	suādēs	suādet	suādēmus	suādētis	suādent
	imperfect	suādēbam	suādēbās	suādēbat	suādēbāmus	suādēbātis	suādēbant
	future	suādēbō	suādēbis	suādēbit	suādēbimus	suādēbitis	suādēbunt
	perfect	suāsī	suāsistī	suāsit	suāsimus	suāsistis	suāsērunt, suāsēre
	pluperfect	suāseram	suāserās	suāserat	suāserāmus	suāserātis	suāserant
	future perfect	suāserō	suāseris	suāserit	suāserimus	suāseritis	suāserint
passive	present	suādeor	suādēris, suādēre	suādētur	suādēmur	suādēminī	suādentur
	imperfect	suādēbar	suādēbāris, suādēbāre	suādēbātur	suādēbāmur	suādēbāminī	suādēbantur
	future	suādēbor	suādēberis, suādēbere	suādēbitur	suādēbimur	suādēbiminī	suādēbuntur
	perfect	suāsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	suāsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	suāsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	suādeam	suādeās	suādeat	suādeāmus	suādeātis	suādeant
	imperfect	suādērem	suādērēs	suādēret	suādērēmus	suādērētis	suādērent
	perfect	suāserim	suāserīs	suāserit	suāserīmus	suāserītis	suāserint
	pluperfect	suāsissem	suāsissēs	suāsisset	suāsissēmus	suāsissētis	suāsissent
passive	present	suādear	suādeāris, suādeāre	suādeātur	suādeāmur	suādeāminī	suādeantur
	imperfect	suādērer	suādērēris, suādērēre	suādērētur	suādērēmur	suādērēminī	suādērentur
	perfect	suāsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	suāsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	suādē	—	—	suādēte	—
active	future	—	suādētō	suādētō	—	suādētōte	suādentō
passive	present	—	suādēre	—	—	suādēminī	—
passive	future	—	suādētor	suādētor	—	—	suādentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		suādēre	suāsisse	suāsūrum esse	suādērī	suāsum esse	suāsum īrī
participles		suādēns	—	suāsūrus	—	suāsus	suādendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		suādendī	suādendō	suādendum	suādendō	suāsum	suāsū

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

→ English: suade
→ Italian: suadere
→ Portuguese: suadir
→ Spanish: suadir

References edit

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “su̯ād-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1039f.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*su̯eh₂d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 606f.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “suāvis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 594