törik
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
tör + -ik (ancient middle-voice marking suffix)
Verb edit
törik
- (intransitive) to break (to end up in two or more pieces)
- Active-voice counterpart: tör
Usage notes edit
- This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
- This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull(ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.
Conjugation edit
conjugation of törik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | török | törsz | törik | törünk | törtök | törnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | törtem | törtél | tört | törtünk | törtetek | törtek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. törni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | törék | törél | töre | törénk | törétek | törének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. törik vala, tört vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | törendek | törendesz | törend | törendünk | törendetek | törendenek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | törnék | törnél | törne | törnénk | törnétek | törnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tört volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | törjek | törj or törjél |
törjön | törjünk | törjetek | törjenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tört légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | törni | törnöm | törnöd | törnie | törnünk | törnötök | törniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| törés | törő | tört or törött | ― | törve (törvén) | |||||
potential conjugation of törik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | törhetek | törhetsz | törhet | törhetünk | törhettek | törhetnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | törhettem | törhettél | törhetett | törhettünk | törhettetek | törhettek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | törheték | törhetél | törhete | törheténk | törhetétek | törhetének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. törhet vala, törhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | törhetendek or törandhatok |
törhetendesz or törandhatsz |
törhetend or törandhat |
törhetendünk or törandhatunk |
törhetendetek or törandhattok |
törhetendenek or törandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | törhetnék | törhetnél | törhetne | törhetnénk | törhetnétek | törhetnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. törhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | törhessek | törhess or törhessél |
törhessen | törhessünk | törhessetek | törhessenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. törhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (törhetni) | (törhetnem) | (törhetned) | (törhetnie) | (törhetnünk) | (törhetnetek) | (törhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (törhetve / törhetvén) | ||||
The regular past participle of törik is törött, unless there is an adverbial phrase or verbal prefix modifying its meaning, in which case tört is more common. For example:
- törött üveg (“broken glass”) ~ darabokra tört üveg (“glass broken to pieces”)
- törött ág (“broken branch”) ~ letört ág (“broken off branch”)
Derived terms edit
Compound words
(With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
törik
Further reading edit
- törik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN