torus
English edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin torus (“a round, swelling, elevation, protuberance”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈtɔː.ɹəs/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈtɔɹ.əs/
Audio (US) (file)
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈtoː.ɹəs/
Audio (AU) (file)
- Rhymes: -ɔːɹəs
- Homophone: Taurus (accents with the horse-hoarse merger)
Noun edit
torus (plural tori or toruses)
- (geometry) The standard representation of such a space in 3-dimensional Euclidean space: a surface or solid formed by rotating a closed curve, especially a circle, about a line which lies in the same plane but does not intersect it (e.g. like a ring doughnut).
- Hypernym: toroid
- (topology) A topological space which is a product of two circles.
- A 4-variable Karnaugh map can be thought of, topologically, as being a torus.
- Hyponym: solid torus
- A ring-shaped object, especially a large ring-shaped chamber used in physical research.
- (architecture) A large convex molding, typically semicircular in cross section, which commonly projects at the base of a column and above the plinth.
- (anatomy) A rounded ridge of bone or muscle, especially one on the occipital bone.
- (botany) The end of the peduncle or flower stalk to which the floral parts (or in the Asteraceae, the florets of a flower head) are attached.
- Synonyms: receptacle, thalamus
- (botany) The thickening of a membrane closing a wood-cell pit (as of gymnosperm tracheids) having the secondary cell wall arched over the pit cavity.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also edit
References edit
- “torus”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- “torus”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
Anagrams edit
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: to‧rus
Noun edit
torus m (plural torussen, diminutive torusje n)
Finnish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ˈtorus/, [ˈt̪o̞rus̠]
- IPA(key): /ˈtoːrus/, [ˈt̪o̞ːrus̠] (proscribed)
- Rhymes: -orus
- Syllabification(key): to‧rus
Noun edit
torus
Declension edit
Inflection of torus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | torus | torukset | ||
genitive | toruksen | torusten toruksien | ||
partitive | torusta | toruksia | ||
illative | torukseen | toruksiin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | torus | torukset | ||
accusative | nom. | torus | torukset | |
gen. | toruksen | |||
genitive | toruksen | torusten toruksien | ||
partitive | torusta | toruksia | ||
inessive | toruksessa | toruksissa | ||
elative | toruksesta | toruksista | ||
illative | torukseen | toruksiin | ||
adessive | toruksella | toruksilla | ||
ablative | torukselta | toruksilta | ||
allative | torukselle | toruksille | ||
essive | toruksena | toruksina | ||
translative | torukseksi | toruksiksi | ||
abessive | toruksetta | toruksitta | ||
instructive | — | toruksin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
torus
- second-person singular present imperative of torua (with enclitic -s)
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Of uncertain origin.
De Vaan proposes a tentative derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *torh₂-os, from *terh₂- (“to cross, go through”). This is formally and semantically solid, though there is little linguistic evidence to support it.
An older theory by Leumann derived the word from sternō (“to spread”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread, extend”), but the connection between the two Latin words is semantically dubious (one would expect torus to be derived from a verb meaning "to turn" or "to knot" rather than "to spread").[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈto.rus/, [ˈt̪ɔrʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈto.rus/, [ˈt̪ɔːrus]
Noun edit
torus m (genitive torī); second declension
- round, swelling, bulging place; elevation, protuberance
- bulge, knot
- (zootomy, usually poetic) muscular or fleshly part, muscle, brawn of an animal bodies
- (transferred sense, botany) bulge, thickness of trees
- raised ornament, knot on a garland
- (usually poetic) bolster, cushion; bed, couch, sofa
- marriage bed
- (transferred sense, figuratively) marriage (sometimes any sexual relationship)
- Synonym: thalamus
- marriage bed
- embankment, elevation of earth
- (architecture) large round molding at the base of a column
Inflection edit
Second-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | torus | torī |
Genitive | torī | torōrum |
Dative | torō | torīs |
Accusative | torum | torōs |
Ablative | torō | torīs |
Vocative | tore | torī |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “torus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “torus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- torus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “torus”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia[1]
- “torus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “torus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 625
Anagrams edit
Swedish edit
Noun edit
torus c
- (geometry, topology) torus; a shape consisting of a ring, or an object of the same topology residing in a space of higher dimension; especially considered as a Cartesian product of two circles in a four-dimensional space
Declension edit
Declension of torus | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | torus | torusen | torusar | torusarna |
Genitive | torus | torusens | torusars | torusarnas |