tost

See also: tôt

English

Verb

tost

1. (obsolete) simple past and past participle of toss
   • 1810, Walter Scott, “Canto I. The Chase.”, in The Lady of the Lake; […], Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, →OCLC, stanza XXII, page 28:

     A wanderer, here by fortune tost, / My way, my friends, my courser lost, / I ne'er before, believe me, fair, / Have ever drawn your mountain air, / Till on this lake's romantic strand, / I found a fay in fairy land.

Derived terms

• tempest-tost

 

Noun

tost (countable and uncountable, plural tosts)

1. Obsolete form of toast.
   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v], page 52, column 1:

     Go, fetch me a quart of Sacke, put a toſt in't.

Anagrams

• TSTO, stot, tots

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin tostum, the neuter of tostus. Cognate with French tôt, Italian tosto.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian) [ˈtɔst]

Adverb

tost

1. (archaic or dialectal) soon

   Synonym: aviat

German

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

tost

1. inflection of tosen:
   1. second-person singular/plural present
   2. third-person singular present
   3. plural imperative

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish tost, from Proto-Celtic *tustus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t̪ˠɔsˠt̪ˠ/, /t̪ˠɞsˠt̪ˠ/

Noun

tost m (genitive singular tost, nominative plural tostanna)

1. silence

   Bí i do thost! ― Be silent!, Be quiet!, Shut up!

   Is binn béal ina thost. (proverb)

   A silent mouth is sweet.

2. verbal noun of tost

Declension

Declension of tost

Third declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative tost tostanna Vocative a thost a thostanna Genitive tosta tostanna Dative tost tostanna

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an tost na tostanna Genitive an tosta na dtostanna Dative leis an tost don tost leis na tostanna

Verb

tost (present analytic tostann, future analytic tostfaidh, verbal noun tost, past participle tosta)

1. (intransitive) be silent, become silent

   Thost sé bomaite.

   He remained silent a while.

Conjugation

conjugation of tost (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	tostaim	tostann tú; tostair†	tostann sé, sí	tostaimid	tostann sibh	tostann siad; tostaid†	a thostann; a thostas / a dtostann*; a dtostas*	tostar
	past	thost mé; thostas	thost tú; thostais	thost sé, sí	thostamar; thost muid	thost sibh; thostabhair	thost siad; thostadar	a thost / ar thost*	tostadh
	past habitual	thostainn / dtostainn‡‡	thostá / dtostᇇ	thostadh sé, sí / dtostadh sé, s퇇	thostaimis; thostadh muid / dtostaimis‡‡; dtostadh muid‡‡	thostadh sibh / dtostadh sibh‡‡	thostaidís; thostadh siad / dtostaidís‡‡; dtostadh siad‡‡	a thostadh / a dtostadh*	thostaí / dtosta퇇
future		tostfaidh mé; tostfad	tostfaidh tú; tostfair†	tostfaidh sé, sí	tostfaimid; tostfaidh muid	tostfaidh sibh	tostfaidh siad; tostfaid†	a thostfaidh; a thostfas / a dtostfaidh*; a dtostfas*	tostfar
conditional		thostfainn / dtostfainn‡‡	thostfá / dtostfᇇ	thostfadh sé, sí / dtostfadh sé, s퇇	thostfaimis; thostfadh muid / dtostfaimis‡‡; dtostfadh muid‡‡	thostfadh sibh / dtostfadh sibh‡‡	thostfaidís; thostfadh siad / dtostfaidís‡‡; dtostfadh siad‡‡	a thostfadh / a dtostfadh*	thostfaí / dtostfa퇇
subjunctive	present	go dtosta mé; go dtostad†	go dtosta tú; go dtostair†	go dtosta sé, sí	go dtostaimid; go dtosta muid	go dtosta sibh	go dtosta siad; go dtostaid†	—	go dtostar
	past	dá dtostainn	dá dtostá	dá dtostadh sé, sí	dá dtostaimis; dá dtostadh muid	dá dtostadh sibh	dá dtostaidís; dá dtostadh siad	—	dá dtostaí
imperative		tostaim	tost	tostadh sé, sí	tostaimis	tostaigí; tostaidh†	tostaidís	—	tostar
verbal noun		tost
past participle		tosta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
tost	thost	dtost
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “tost”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “tost”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 748
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “tostaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 748
• Entries containing “tost” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “tost” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old French toster.

Verb

tost

1. Alternative form of tosten

Etymology 2

A back-formation from tosten.

Alternative forms

• toste, toost

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɔːst/
• Rhymes: -ɔːst

Noun

tost (plural tostes)

1. toast (bread that has been toasted)

Descendants

• English: toast
• Scots: toast

References

• “tōst, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-14.

Old French

Etymology

Possibly from Latin tot (“very”) + cito (“fast”), but more likely from Vulgar Latin *tostum, from the neuter of Latin tostus (“toasted”), later meaning "hotly, promptly" in Vulgar Latin. Cognate to Italian tosto, Occitan and Catalan tost.

Pronunciation

• (classical) IPA^(key): /ˈtɔst/
• (late) IPA^(key): /ˈtoːt/

Adverb

tost

1. early
2. soon
3. quickly; straight away

Derived terms

• bientost
• tantost

 

Descendants

• French: tôt
• → Old Galician-Portuguese: toste
  • Galician: toste
  • Portuguese: toste

References

• Brachet, A. (1873) “tot”, in Kitchin, G. W., transl., Etymological dictionary of the French language (Clarendon Press Series), 1st edition, London: Oxford/MacMillan and Co.
• Etymology and history of “chignon”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *tustus, from the same root as tóe. Several phonological peculiarities relating to the evolution of this term, such as irregular final -st (which should have become -s(s) /s/) and the initial consonant fluctuating between t- and s-, are probably due to contamination from its synonym, socht. This contamination intensified over time, giving birth to Middle Irish and Early Modern Irish forms like tocht and sosd.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtost/

Noun

tost m (genitive unattested, no plural)

1. silence

   Synonym: socht

Descendants

• Middle Irish: tost, tocht
  • Irish: tost
  • Scottish Gaelic: tost

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
tost	thost	tost pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “tost”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Polish

tost

Etymology

Borrowed from English toast. Doublet of toast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɔst/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔst
• Syllabification: tost

Noun

tost m inan

1. toast (toasted bread)

   Synonym: grzanka

2. grilled cheese, toastie, melt

Declension

Declension of tost

	singular	plural
nominative	tost	tosty
genitive	tostu/tosta	tostów
dative	tostowi	tostom
accusative	tost/tosta	tosty
instrumental	tostem	tostami
locative	toście	tostach
vocative	toście	tosty

Derived terms

adjective

• tostowy

 

noun

• tostownica

 

Related terms

noun

• toster

 

Further reading

• tost in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• tost in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

• tosd

Etymology

From Old Irish tost, from Proto-Celtic *tustus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɔs̪t̪]

Noun

tost m (genitive singular tost, no plural)

1. silence

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
tost	thost
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “tost”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “tost”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[2], Stirling, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “tost”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Turkish

Etymology

From English toast.

Noun

tost (definite accusative tosdu, plural tostlar)

1. toast

Venetian

Etymology

Compare Italian toast

Noun

tost m (invariable)

1. toasted sandwich

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /toːsd/, [tʰoːst]
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /tɔsd/, [tʰɔst]
• Rhymes: -ɔsd

Etymology 1

From Middle Welsh tost, perhaps from Latin tostus (“roasted, parched”) via a Proto-Brythonic *tost, though the semantic development is unclear.

Adjective

tost (feminine singular tost, plural tostion, equative tosted, comparative tostach, superlative tostaf)

1. ill
2. sore

Derived terms

• pen tost (“headache”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English toast, from Middle English tosten, from Old French toster, from Latin tostus.

Noun

tost m (uncountable)

1. toast

   Synonym: bara cras

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
tost	dost	nhost	thost
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tost”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies