trancher
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old French trenchier. Compare Catalan trencar, Italian trinciare, and Spanish truncar.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
trancher
- (transitive) to slice, to cut into slices
- (transitive, literary) to complete, conclude
- Il a tranché ses jours.
- He has concluded his days on earth.
- (transitive, figurative) to decide, to settle, to address
- (intransitive) to rule, make a ruling, come to a decision
- (intransitive, derogatory, with de) to behave or comport oneself (as if one were)
- Le comte trancha du grand seigneur.
- The count comported himself as if he were God Almighty.
- (intransitive, with avec, sur) to contrast (with), stand out (against)
- (intransitive, with dans) to stand out (in)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of trancher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | trancher | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | tranchant /tʁɑ̃.ʃɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | tranché /tʁɑ̃.ʃe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | tranche /tʁɑ̃ʃ/ |
tranches /tʁɑ̃ʃ/ |
tranche /tʁɑ̃ʃ/ |
tranchons /tʁɑ̃.ʃɔ̃/ |
tranchez /tʁɑ̃.ʃe/ |
tranchent /tʁɑ̃ʃ/ |
| imperfect | tranchais /tʁɑ̃.ʃɛ/ |
tranchais /tʁɑ̃.ʃɛ/ |
tranchait /tʁɑ̃.ʃɛ/ |
tranchions /tʁɑ̃.ʃjɔ̃/ |
tranchiez /tʁɑ̃.ʃje/ |
tranchaient /tʁɑ̃.ʃɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | tranchai /tʁɑ̃.ʃe/ |
tranchas /tʁɑ̃.ʃa/ |
trancha /tʁɑ̃.ʃa/ |
tranchâmes /tʁɑ̃.ʃam/ |
tranchâtes /tʁɑ̃.ʃat/ |
tranchèrent /tʁɑ̃.ʃɛʁ/ | |
| future | trancherai /tʁɑ̃ʃ.ʁe/ |
trancheras /tʁɑ̃ʃ.ʁa/ |
tranchera /tʁɑ̃ʃ.ʁa/ |
trancherons /tʁɑ̃ʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
trancherez /tʁɑ̃ʃ.ʁe/ |
trancheront /tʁɑ̃ʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | trancherais /tʁɑ̃ʃ.ʁɛ/ |
trancherais /tʁɑ̃ʃ.ʁɛ/ |
trancherait /tʁɑ̃ʃ.ʁɛ/ |
trancherions /tʁɑ̃.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
trancheriez /tʁɑ̃.ʃə.ʁje/ |
trancheraient /tʁɑ̃ʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | tranche /tʁɑ̃ʃ/ |
tranches /tʁɑ̃ʃ/ |
tranche /tʁɑ̃ʃ/ |
tranchions /tʁɑ̃.ʃjɔ̃/ |
tranchiez /tʁɑ̃.ʃje/ |
tranchent /tʁɑ̃ʃ/ |
| imperfect2 | tranchasse /tʁɑ̃.ʃas/ |
tranchasses /tʁɑ̃.ʃas/ |
tranchât /tʁɑ̃.ʃa/ |
tranchassions /tʁɑ̃.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
tranchassiez /tʁɑ̃.ʃa.sje/ |
tranchassent /tʁɑ̃.ʃas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | tranche /tʁɑ̃ʃ/ |
— | tranchons /tʁɑ̃.ʃɔ̃/ |
tranchez /tʁɑ̃.ʃe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → German: tranchieren, transchieren
- → Russian: транжи́рить (tranžíritʹ)
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “trancher”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French trenchier.
Verb edit
trancher
- to cut off (remove by cutting)
Conjugation edit
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of trancher
| infinitive | simple | trancher | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | tranchant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | tranché | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | tranche | tranches | tranche | tranchons | tranchez | tranchent |
| imperfect | tranchois, tranchoys | tranchois, tranchoys | tranchoit, tranchoyt | tranchions, tranchyons | tranchiez, tranchyez | tranchoient, tranchoyent | |
| past historic | trancha | tranchas | trancha | tranchasmes | tranchastes | trancherent | |
| future | trancherai, trancheray | trancheras | tranchera | trancherons | trancherez | trancheront | |
| conditional | trancherois, trancheroys | trancherois, trancheroys | trancheroit, trancheroyt | trancherions, trancheryons | trancheriez, trancheryez | trancheroient, trancheroyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | tranche | tranches | tranche | tranchons | tranchez | tranchent |
| imperfect | tranchasse | tranchasses | tranchast | tranchassions | tranchassiez | tranchassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | tranche | — | tranchons | tranchez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Descendants edit
- French: trancher