u-
Translingual edit
Etymology edit
Typographical substitution for μ, in environments where the correct symbol is not available.
Prefix edit
u-
- (proscribed) Alternative form of μ- as an abbreviation of micro-, mikro-, микро- etc.
Basque edit
Prefix edit
u-
- Combining form of ur (“water”)
Chuukese edit
Prefix edit
u-
- (subject marker for tense modifying pronouns) I
Czech edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix edit
u-
- (away) from
- (inchoative)
- (telicity)
- added to mean a bit
- (u- + imperfective base + se) intensification: until exhaustion, expressing final stage of a process. (collocates with k smrti (“to death”))
- (on perfective verbs) unintentionally, inadvertently, by mistake
- (root modality) [i.e., deontic + dynamic modality: ability, obligation, permission, readiness]
- to gain by activity
Derived terms edit
- ubalit
- ubít
- ubytovat
- udobřit
- udělat
- udusit
- uhasit
- uchopit
- ujít
- ukázat
- ukamenovat
- uklouznout
- ukolébat
- ukonejšit
- ukořistit
- ukrást
- ukrýt
- ulehčit
- ulevit
- ulomit
- ulovit
- umínit
- umřít
- unést
- uplavat
- uplést
- upozornit
- upravit
- urazit
- uronit
- useknout
- usnadnit
- usnout
- uspat
- uspořádat
- ustát
- uštědřit
- uštěpačný
- utancovat
- utlouct
- utnout
- utopit
- utrhnout
- utrpení
- utrpět
Further reading edit
- u-/ú- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Danish edit
Prefix edit
u-
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Kamba edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ́-.
Prefix edit
u-
- you singular (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)
Kambera edit
Pronoun edit
u-
- Alternative form of mu-
See also edit
Northern Ndebele edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial wu-)
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix edit
u-
- Class 1a noun prefix.
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ́-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial ka-)
Etymology 4 edit
From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial wu-)
Etymology 5 edit
Prefix edit
u-
- Class 11 noun prefix; form of ulu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse ú-, ó-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). Doublet of a-.
Prefix edit
u-
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “u-” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse ú- or ó-, English un-, German un-. With the intensifying function probably influenced by ov-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
u-
- un- (not)
- flaks → uflaks
- luck → bad luck
- used to create an undesired version of the following noun
- vêr → uvêr
- weather → severe weather
- tid → utid
- time → inconvenient time
- vêr → uvêr
- used to strengthen/intensify the following noun
- tal → utal
- number → huge number
- tal → utal
- an abbreviation of certain words beginning with "u"
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “u-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *u-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
u-
Derived terms edit
Phuthi edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial wu-)
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ́-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial ka-)
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial wu-)
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish u-, from Proto-Slavic *u-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
u-
- appears in front of some verbs meaning: to make something behave in a certain way, en-, be-, make
- perfective prefix
- added to mean "a bit"
- added to mean away
- (rare) added to mean successfully, often without an imperfective counterpart
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- u- in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *u-. Prefixed form of the preposition u.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
u-
- Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
Derived terms edit
Southern Ndebele edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial wu-)
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ́-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial ka-)
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial wu-)
Swahili edit
Alternative forms edit
- w- (before a vowel)
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *dʊ̀- and Proto-Bantu *bʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
- u class(XI) noun prefix, denoting natural objects, extensions, abstract qualities, or collections of small things.
- ulimi mrefu ― a long tongue
Usage notes edit
Swahili merged the Bantu classes XI and XIV into one u class(XI), having its adjective agreement in m class(III).
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
u-
See also edit
Number | Person | Independent | Subject concord | Object concord | Combined forms | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
affirmative | negative | na | ndi- | si- | |||||
Singular | First | mimi | ni- | si- | -ni- | nami, na mimi | ndimi, ndiye | simi, siye | -angu |
Second | wewe | u- | hu- | -ku- | nawe, na wewe | ndiwe, ndiye | siwe, siye | -ako | |
Third | yeye | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | naye, na yeye | ndiye | siye | -ake | |
Plural | First | sisi | tu- | hatu- | -tu- | nasi, na sisi | ndisi, ndio | sio | -etu |
Second | ninyi | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -wa- | nanyi, na ninyi | ndinyi, ndio | sinyi, sio | -enu | |
Third | wao | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | nao | ndio | sio | -ao | |
Reflexive | — | — | -ji- | — | — | ||||
For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́- and Proto-Bantu *dʊ́-.
Prefix edit
u-
- it, m class(III)/u class(XI) subject concord
- Antonym: hau-
- verb-initial form of -u- (“it, m class(III)/u class(XI) object concord”)
See also edit
Class | Subject concord | Object concord | Relative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
affirmative | negative | |||
m(I) | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | -ye |
wa(II) | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | -o |
m(III) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
mi(IV) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
ji(V) | li- | hali- | -li- | -lo |
ma(VI) | ya- | haya- | -ya- | -yo |
ki(VII) | ki- | haki- | -ki- | -cho |
vi(VIII) | vi- | havi- | -vi- | -vyo |
n(IX) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
n(X) | zi- | hazi- | -zi- | -zo |
u(XI) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
ku(XV/XVII) | ku- | haku- | -ku- | -ko |
pa(XVI) | pa- | hapa- | -pa- | -po |
mu(XVIII) | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -mu- | -mo |
For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |
Swazi edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial wu-)
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ́-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial ka-)
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial wu-)
Taos edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
u-
- (transitive) Third person singular subject + third person duoplural object.
Tlingit edit
Prefix edit
u-
- Marks the irrealis mood
Xhosa edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial wu-)
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix edit
u-
- Class 1a noun prefix.
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ́-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial ka-)
Etymology 4 edit
From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial wu-)
Etymology 5 edit
Prefix edit
u-
- Class 11 noun prefix; form of ulu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Ye'kwana edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
u-
- Allomorph of y- (first-person prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants and have a first vowel u.
Inflection edit
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
Yoruba edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
ù-
Usage notes edit
Forms both abstract and concrete nouns:
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
u-
Derived terms edit
Zulu edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
u- (medial wu-)
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ́-. This noun class is marked simply with the class 1 augment and a null prefix.
Prefix edit
ú-
- Class 1a noun prefix.
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Bantu *ʊ́-.
Prefix edit
ú- (medial ká-)
Etymology 4 edit
From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-.
Prefix edit
ú- (medial wú-)
Etymology 5 edit
Contracted from earlier úlu-, from Proto-Bantu *dʊ́-dʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
û-
- Class 11 noun prefix.
References edit
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “u-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “u-”