văn hoá
Vietnamese edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 文化 (“culture”), from Japanese 文化 (bunka, “culture”), from Middle Chinese 文化 (mɨun hˠuaH, “the way of educating by using morality, literature and music”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [van˧˧ hwaː˧˦]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [vaŋ˧˧ hwaː˨˩˦]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [vaŋ˧˧ waː˦˥] ~ [jaŋ˧˧ waː˦˥]
Noun edit
- culture
- nền văn hoá tiên tiến, đậm đà bản sắc dân tộc ― an advanced culture with a deep ethnic flavor
- (colloquial) primary and secondary education
- trình độ văn hoá ― number of (primary and secondary school) grades completed
- học văn hoá ― to study at primary or secondary school
- Short for trình độ văn hoá (“number of (primary and secondary school) grades completed”).
- 2001, Chu Lai, chapter 9, in Cuộc đời dài lắm, NXB Văn học:
- Hỏi gì trả lời nấy, cấm quanh co dài dòng. Nào, họ tên? Quê quán? Dân tộc? Văn hoá? Tham gia cách mạng năm nào?
- You answer what we ask, no verbosity. So, full name? Place of origin? Ethnicity? Level of schooling? What year did you join the revolution?
Usage notes edit
Trình độ văn hoá is often requested on forms. It can be answered "X/12" with "X" the number of grades completed, or "X/10" if one studied a trajectory counting only ten grades, etc.[1]
Quotations edit
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:văn hoá.