vilu

See also: vīļu and vílu

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Noun

vilu (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])

1. cool weather

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋilu/, [ˈʋilu]
• Rhymes: -ilu
• Syllabification^(key): vi‧lu

Noun

vilu

1. cold (sensation; feeling cold)

   Synonyms: kylmä, vilpo

Declension

Inflection of vilu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		vilu	vilut
genitive		vilun	vilujen
partitive		vilua	viluja
illative		viluun	viluihin
		singular	plural
nominative		vilu	vilut
accusative	nom.	vilu	vilut
	gen.	vilun
genitive		vilun	vilujen
partitive		vilua	viluja
inessive		vilussa	viluissa
elative		vilusta	viluista
illative		viluun	viluihin
adessive		vilulla	viluilla
ablative		vilulta	viluilta
allative		vilulle	viluille
essive		viluna	viluina
translative		viluksi	viluiksi
abessive		vilutta	viluitta
instructive		—	viluin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of vilu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative viluni viluni accusative nom. viluni viluni gen. viluni genitive viluni vilujeni partitive viluani vilujani inessive vilussani viluissani elative vilustani viluistani illative viluuni viluihini adessive vilullani viluillani ablative vilultani viluiltani allative vilulleni viluilleni essive vilunani viluinani translative vilukseni viluikseni abessive viluttani viluittani instructive — — comitative — viluineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative vilusi vilusi accusative nom. vilusi vilusi gen. vilusi genitive vilusi vilujesi partitive viluasi vilujasi inessive vilussasi viluissasi elative vilustasi viluistasi illative viluusi viluihisi adessive vilullasi viluillasi ablative vilultasi viluiltasi allative vilullesi viluillesi essive vilunasi viluinasi translative viluksesi viluiksesi abessive viluttasi viluittasi instructive — — comitative — viluinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative vilumme vilumme accusative nom. vilumme vilumme gen. vilumme genitive vilumme vilujemme partitive viluamme vilujamme inessive vilussamme viluissamme elative vilustamme viluistamme illative viluumme viluihimme adessive vilullamme viluillamme ablative vilultamme viluiltamme allative vilullemme viluillemme essive vilunamme viluinamme translative viluksemme viluiksemme abessive viluttamme viluittamme instructive — — comitative — viluinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative vilunne vilunne accusative nom. vilunne vilunne gen. vilunne genitive vilunne vilujenne partitive viluanne vilujanne inessive vilussanne viluissanne elative vilustanne viluistanne illative viluunne viluihinne adessive vilullanne viluillanne ablative vilultanne viluiltanne allative vilullenne viluillenne essive vilunanne viluinanne translative viluksenne viluiksenne abessive viluttanne viluittanne instructive — — comitative — viluinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative vilunsa vilunsa accusative nom. vilunsa vilunsa gen. vilunsa genitive vilunsa vilujensa partitive viluaan viluansa vilujaan vilujansa inessive vilussaan vilussansa viluissaan viluissansa elative vilustaan vilustansa viluistaan viluistansa illative viluunsa viluihinsa adessive vilullaan vilullansa viluillaan viluillansa ablative vilultaan vilultansa viluiltaan viluiltansa allative vilulleen vilullensa viluilleen viluillensa essive vilunaan vilunansa viluinaan viluinansa translative vilukseen viluksensa viluikseen viluiksensa abessive viluttaan viluttansa viluittaan viluittansa instructive — — comitative — viluineen viluinensa

Derived terms

• viileä
• vileä
• viluinen
• vilukissa
• vilukko
• vilunarka
• vilunpuistatus
• vilunväre
• vilunväristys
• vilustaa
• vilutauti
• viluttaa

 

Further reading

• “vilu”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04

Anagrams

• livu

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu. Cognates include Finnish vilu and Estonian vilu.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈʋilu/, [ˈʋiɫu]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈʋilu/, [ˈʋiɫu]
• Rhymes: -ilu
• Hyphenation: vi‧lu

Noun

vilu

1. cold (sensation)
2. shade (place with shadow)

Declension

Declension of vilu (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	vilu	vilut
genitive	vilun	villuin, viluloin
partitive	villua	viluja, viluloja
illative	villuu	villui, viluloihe
inessive	vilus	viluis, vilulois
elative	vilust	viluist, viluloist
allative	vilulle	viluille, viluloille
adessive	vilul	viluil, viluloil
ablative	vilult	viluilt, viluloilt
translative	viluks	viluiks, viluloiks
essive	vilunna, villuun	viluinna, viluloinna, villuin, viluloin
exessive1)	vilunt	viluint, viluloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

• (cold): kylmä, kylmys

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of "cold"): vari

Derived terms

• viluin

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 667

Karelian

Regional variants of vilu

North Karelian (Viena)	vilu
South Karelian (Tver)	vilu

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu. Cognates include Finnish vilu and Estonian vilu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋilu/
• Hyphenation: vi‧lu

Noun

vilu (genitive vilun, partitive viluo)

1. cold, coldness

Adjective

vilu (genitive vilun, partitive viluo, comparative vilumpi／vilumbi, superlative viluin)

1. cold, cool
2. hardhearted, callous

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of vilu (type 1/tyttö, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	vilu	vilut
genitive	vilun	vilujen
partitive	viluo	viluja
illative	viluh	viluloih
inessive	vilušša	viluloissa
elative	vilušta	viluloista
adessive	vilulla	viluloilla
ablative	vilulta	viluloilta
translative	vilukši	viluloiksi
essive	viluna	viluloina
comitative	—	viluloineh
abessive	vilutta	viluloitta

Tver Karelian declension of vilu (type 1/tyttö no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	vilu	vilut
genitive	vilun	viluloin
partitive	viluo	viluloida
illative	viluh	viluloih
inessive	vilušša	viluloissa
elative	vilušta	viluloista
adessive	vilulla	viluloilla
ablative	vilulda	viluloilda
translative	vilukši	viluloiksi
essive	viluna	viluloina
comitative	vilunke	viluloinke
abessive	vilutta	viluloitta

Possessive forms of vilu
1st person	viluni
2nd person	viluš
3rd person	viluh
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

• A. V. Punzhina (1994) “vilu”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
• P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “холод”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

Livvi

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu. Cognates include Finnish vilu and Estonian vilu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋilu/
• Hyphenation: vi‧lu
• Rhymes: -ilu

Noun

vilu (genitive vilun, partitive viluu)

1. cold, coldness

Adjective

vilu (genitive vilun, partitive viluu)

1. cold, cool
2. hardhearted, callous

Declension

Declension of vilu (Type 11/lindu, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	vilu	vilut
genitive	vilun	viluloin
partitive	viluu	viluloi
illative	viluh	viluloih
inessive	vilus	vilulois
elative	viluspäi	viluloispäi
allative	vilule	viluloile
adessive	vilul	viluloil
ablative	vilulpäi	viluloilpäi
translative	vilukse	viluloikse
essive	vilunnu	viluloinnu
abessive	viluttah	viluloittah
comitative	vilunke	viluloinke
instructive		viluloin
prolative	viluči

References

• Olga Žarinova (2012) Pagizemmo Karjalakse [Let's speak Karelian], St Petersburg, →ISBN, page 11
• Tatjana Boiko (2019) “vilu”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Adjective

vilu

1. cold

Noun

vilu

1. cold (sensation)

Sinicahua Mixtec

Etymology

From Proto-Mixtec *wiluʔ.

Noun

vilu

1. cat

References

• Tutu ja ndee tnuꞌu suꞌva ja ka kaꞌan ndaka ñayivi ñuu Xini Kava = Pequeño diccionario ilustrado en el mixteco de San Antonio Sinicahua‎^[2], preliminary edition (overall work in Sinicahua Mixtec and Spanish), 2010, page 8

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Adjective

vilu

1. cold

Inflection

Inflection of vilu (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	vilu
genitive sing.	vilun
partitive sing.	vilud
partitive plur.	viluid
	singular	plural
nominative	vilu	vilud
accusative	vilun	vilud
genitive	vilun	viluiden
partitive	vilud	viluid
essive-instructive	vilun	viluin
translative	viluks	viluikš
inessive	vilus	viluiš
elative	viluspäi	viluišpäi
illative	vilhu viluhu	viluihe
adessive	vilul	viluil
ablative	vilulpäi	viluilpäi
allative	vilule	viluile
abessive	viluta	viluita
comitative	vilunke	viluidenke
prolative	viludme	viluidme
approximative I	vilunno	viluidenno
approximative II	vilunnoks	viluidennoks
egressive	vilunnopäi	viluidennopäi
terminative I	vilhusai viluhusai	viluihesai
terminative II	vilulesai	viluilesai
terminative III	vilussai	—
additive I	vilhupäi viluhupäi	viluihepäi
additive II	vilulepäi	viluilepäi

Noun

vilu

1. coldness, cold

Inflection

Inflection of vilu (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	vilu
genitive sing.	vilun
partitive sing.	vilud
partitive plur.	viluid
	singular	plural
nominative	vilu	vilud
accusative	vilun	vilud
genitive	vilun	viluiden
partitive	vilud	viluid
essive-instructive	vilun	viluin
translative	viluks	viluikš
inessive	vilus	viluiš
elative	viluspäi	viluišpäi
illative	vilhu viluhu	viluihe
adessive	vilul	viluil
ablative	vilulpäi	viluilpäi
allative	vilule	viluile
abessive	viluta	viluita
comitative	vilunke	viluidenke
prolative	viludme	viluidme
approximative I	vilunno	viluidenno
approximative II	vilunnoks	viluidennoks
egressive	vilunnopäi	viluidennopäi
terminative I	vilhusai viluhusai	viluihesai
terminative II	vilulesai	viluilesai
terminative III	vilussai	—
additive I	vilhupäi viluhupäi	viluihepäi
additive II	vilulepäi	viluilepäi

Derived terms

• viluhein
• viluku
• vilulind
• viluntirpai

References

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “свежесть, холод, холодный”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[3], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈvilu/, [ˈvʲiɫu]
• Rhymes: -ilu
• Hyphenation: vi‧lu

Adjective

vilu

1. cold, chilly, freezing cold

Noun

vilu

1. cold weather, chilly weather

Inflection

Declension of vilu (type II/võrkko, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	vilu	vilud
genitive	vilu	vilujõ, vilui
partitive	villua	viluitõ, vilui
illative	villusõ, villu	viluisõ
inessive	viluz	viluiz
elative	vilussõ	viluissõ
allative	vilulõ	viluilõ
adessive	vilullõ	viluillõ
ablative	vilultõ	viluiltõ
translative	vilussi	viluissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “vilu”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Yosondúa Mixtec

Etymology

From Proto-Mixtec *wiluʔ.

Noun

vilu

1. cat

References

• Beaty de Farris, Kathryn, et al. (2012) Diccionario básico del mixteco de Yosondúa, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 46)‎^[4] (in Spanish), third edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 85