wark

See also: Wark, wārk-, and wärk-

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wɔː(ɹ)k/

  • Audio (Southern England)

    (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)k

Etymology 1

From Middle English werk, warch, from Old English wærc, wræc (“pain, suffering, anguish”), from Proto-Germanic *warkiz (“pain”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to make, work, act”). Cognate with Swedish värk (“ache, pain”), Icelandic verkur (“pain”). Related to work.

Noun

wark (plural warks)

1. (UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Pain; ache.

Derived terms

• bellywark
• headwark

Etymology 2

From Middle English werken, warchen, from Old English wærcan (“to be in pain”). Cognate with Swedish värka (“to ache, pain”), Icelandic verkja (“to pain”). See above.

Verb

wark (third-person singular simple present warks, present participle warking, simple past and past participle warked)

1. (intransitive) To be in pain; ache.

Etymology 3

See work.

Noun

wark (plural warks)

1. (obsolete, chiefly Scotland) Work.
   • 1819, Malcolm Laing, The History of Scotland, page 141:

     That September (1582) in time of vacance, my uncle Mr. Andrew, Mr. Thomas Buchanan and I, hearing that Mr. George Buchanan was weak, and his history under the press, passed over to Edinburgh anes errand to visite him, and to see the wark.

   • 1860, Sir James Phillips Kay- huttleworth, Scarsdale; or, Life on the Lancashire and Yorkshire border, page 85:

     We'dn done a pratty day or two's wark afore t' sodgers geet at us.

   • 1864, Eliza Tabor, St. Olave's: A Novel, page 18:

     “Mair wark," replied Tibbie, looking round on her well-kept pans and candlesticks.

   • 1868, Eneas Sweetland Dallas, Once a Week, page 317:

     Uprose anither fearsome cry, Uprose exultingly; He couldna hear the words they spak', Yet corpse-pale turned he. The awsome flames had dune their wark, Nae form was left to see, Nought but a grim and blackened stake, A ghastly vacancy.

2. (obsolete, chiefly Scotland) A building.
   • 1858, Robert Chambers, Domestic Annals of Scotland, page 253:

     'Yet this imposition,' says Nicoll, 'seemed not to thrive; for at the same instant God frae the heavens declared his anger by sending thunder, and unheard tempests, and storms, and inundations of water, whilk destroyed their common mills, dams, and warks, to the town's great charges and expenses.' Eleven mills belonging to Edinburgh, and five belonging to Heriot's Hospital, all upon the Water of Leith, were destroyed on this occasion, 'with their dams, water-gangs, timber and stone- warks, the haill wheels of their mills, timber graith, and haill other warks.'

   • 1859, William Steven, Frederick William Bedford, History of George Heriot's hospital, page 54:

     They speak in high terms of "his extraordiner panes and grait cair he had in that Wark, baith by his advyce, and in the building of the same.

   • 1870, Sir James David Marwick, Records of the Convention of the Royal Burghs of Scotland, page 265:

     And because the said Thomas Fallisdaill and John Semple ar alreddy enterit to the said wark, [ and ] coft materiallis as thai declairit, and ressauit ane pairt of the said taxatioun;

Anagrams

• rawk

Kashubian

Etymology

Borrowed from Low German Wark. Cognate to English work.

Noun

wark m inan

1. profession, trade, occupation

   Synonym: fach

Declension

Declension of wark

	singular	plural
nominative	wark	warczi
genitive	warkù	warków
dative	warkòwi	warkóm
accusative	wark	warczi
instrumental	warkã	warkama
locative	warkù	warkach
vocative	wark/warkù	warczi

Further reading

• “wark”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “zawód”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[1]

Northeast Pashayi

Noun

wark

1. water

Further reading

• Robert Leech, Vocabularies of seven languages, spoken in the countries west of the Indus; also Epitome of the Grammars of the Brahuiky, Balochky & Panjabi Languages (1843)

Polish

Etymology

Deverbal from warknąć.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vark/
• Rhymes: -ark
• Syllabification: wark
• Homophone: warg

Noun

wark m inan

1. (dated, of a dog) growl, burr, whirr

   Synonym: warknięcie

Declension

Declension of wark

	singular	plural
nominative	wark	warki
genitive	warku	warków
dative	warkowi	warkom
accusative	wark	warki
instrumental	warkiem	warkami
locative	warku	warkach
vocative	warku	warki

Related terms

adjective

• warkotliwy

 

adverb

• warkotliwie

 

nouns

• warknięcie
• warkot

 

verbs

• warczeć impf
• warknąć pf
• warkotać pf

 

Further reading

• wark in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Q'eqchi

Verb

wark

1. to sleep

Derived terms

• wara (“sleep”)
• warenaq (“sleeper”)
• warib' (“bed”)
• wartesink (“put to sleep”, verb)

Further reading

• Ch'ina tusleb' aatin q'eqchi'-kaxlan aatin ut kaxlan aatin-q'eqchi' (Guatemala, 1998) [2]

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English work, werk, from Old English worc, weorc, ġeweorc, from Proto-Germanic *werką (“work”), from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom.

Noun

wark (plural warks)

1. work
   • 1875, William Alexander, Sketches of Life Among My Ain Folk, page 51:

     "A twa-horse wark, maybe? or dee ye make it oot wi' ae beast an' an owse?"

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)