ze
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
ze
- Nonstandard spelling of the (usually signifying a foreign accent, often French or German).
- Synonym: za
- 1992, Tristan Jones, Adrift, page 257:
- Then one French-American sous-chef, still in his white kitchen gear, climbed down from the cockpit, where he had been inspecting the cabin, peering inside, murmuring, "wonderfool–wonderfool, ze workmansheep!"
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ze
- (rare, nonstandard) a gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, equivalent to singular they, and coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
- 1996 June, Caitlin Sullivan with Bornstein, Kate, Nearly Roadkill: an Infobahn erotic adventure[1], New York: Serpent's Tail, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OL, LCC PS3569.U3449 N43 1996, page 10:
- But I do know what sex ze is. It used to influence me. But now I talk to hir like a normal person. I mean, without thinking about what ze is.
- 1997 December 18, Kate Bornstein, My Gender Workbook: How to Become a Real Man, a Real Woman, the Real You, or Something Else Entirely, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OL, LCC HQ1075.B69 1998, page 130:
- A case in point is Tula, a transgendered woman who for years lived well as a model and actress until ze was outed in both national and international media.
- 2010 October 12, Erika Lopez, The Girl Must Die: A Monster Girl Memoir, Hicken, Jeffrey, San Francisco: Monster Girl Media, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 143:
- Ze changed hir name to one of those New Testament names, and re-fashioned hirself into a soft, puffy, half-finished hermaphrodite nicknamed, The Pop n' Fresh Doe.
Usage notes edit
- The genderqueer community are the primary proponents of ze. One refers to a person with ze and hir or zir typically (a) when their gender is unknown, and one wishes to avoid assuming their gender, or (b) when they are neither male nor female in gender, making he and she (and also either/or terms like s/he or (s)he) inappropriate and potentially hurtful.
Synonyms edit
Coordinate terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
ze (plural zes)
- The name of the Cyrillic script letter З / з.
Anagrams edit
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
A Gheg dialect word, of unclear origin.
Noun edit
ze f (plural ze, definite zeja, definite plural zejet)
Related terms edit
Aukan edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
ze
References edit
- Aukan-English Dictionary (SIL)
Basque edit
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -e
- Hyphenation: ze
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
ze inan
- The name of the Latin-script letter C.
Declension edit
indefinite | singular | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
absolutive | ze | zea | zeak |
ergative | zek | zeak | zeek |
dative | zeri | zeari | zeei |
genitive | zeren | zearen | zeen |
comitative | zerekin | zearekin | zeekin |
causative | zerengatik | zearengatik | zeengatik |
benefactive | zerentzat | zearentzat | zeentzat |
instrumental | zez | zeaz | zeez |
inessive | zetan | zean | zeetan |
locative | zetako | zeko | zeetako |
allative | zetara | zera | zeetara |
terminative | zetaraino | zeraino | zeetaraino |
directive | zetarantz | zerantz | zeetarantz |
destinative | zetarako | zerako | zeetarako |
ablative | zetatik | zetik | zeetatik |
partitive | zerik | — | — |
prolative | zetzat | — | — |
Derived terms edit
- ze hautsi (“cee with cedilla”)
See also edit
- (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta
Etymology 2 edit
Conjunction edit
ze
- (Biscayan) because
- 1596, Joseba Lakarra, editor, Refranes y sentencias [Sayings and sentences] (Euskararen Lekukoak; 19)[2], Bilbao: Euskaltzaindia, published 1996, →ISBN, page 248:
- Adi adi ce Jaungoycoa dagoc adi. [Original spelling]
Adi adi, ze Jaungoikoa dagok adi. [Modernized spelling]- Be careful, because God is looking.
- (obsolete) than
- 1596, Joseba Lakarra, editor, Refranes y sentencias [Sayings and sentences] (Euskararen Lekukoak; 19)[3], Bilbao: Euskaltzaindia, published 1996, →ISBN, page 262:
- Nayago dot to bat, çe amaui emon deyat. [Original spelling]
Naiago dot to bat, ze amabi emon deiat. [Modernized spelling]- I prefer a "take one" over twelve "I'll give you one".
- (Biscayan, Gipuzkoan) Introduces a subordinate clause expressing a result, consequence or effect; that
- Synonym: ezen
- c. 1567, Joan Perez de Lazarraga, Doncellachoa, orain çaoz... :
- Ala çara mudaduco, ce / ez çau inorc eçautuco
- You'll change so much that / nobody will recognize you
- Ala çara mudaduco, ce / ez çau inorc eçautuco
- (archaic, possibly obsolete) Introduces a clause that is the subject or object of a verb; that
Etymology 3 edit
Determiner edit
ze (interrogative)
- Colloquial form of zer (“what”)
Pronoun edit
ze (interrogative)
- Colloquial form of zer (“what”)
Further reading edit
Cimbrian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.
Pronoun edit
ze
- (Sette Comuni) they
- Synonym: zandare
Inflection edit
nominative | accusative | dative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich | mich | miar | |
2nd person singular | familiar | du | dich | diar |
polite | iart | ach | òich | |
3rd person singular | m | èar, ar | in, en | iime |
f | zi, ze | iar | ||
n | es, is | es, 's | iime | |
1st person plural | bar, bandare |
zich | izàndarn | |
2nd person plural | iart, iartàndare, artàndare |
òich, ach | ogàndarn | |
3rd person plural | ze, zòi, zandare |
zich | innàndarn |
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronoun edit
ze
- Alternative form of zi (“she”)
References edit
- “ze” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
ze [+genitive]
- Alternative form of z (“from, out of”)
Usage notes edit
- The more usual form is z, while ze is used before words starting with s, z and certain consonant clusters.
Further reading edit
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ze
- Unstressed form of zij (feminine singular subject)
- Daar zit ze. ― There she is sitting.
- Unstressed form of zij (plural subject)
- Daar zitten ze. ― There they are sitting.
- Unstressed form of haar (feminine singular object)
- Ik zie ze. ― I see her.
- Unstressed form of hen, hun (plural object)
- Ik zie ze. ― I see them.
Usage notes edit
- In the Netherlands, ze is used as a reduced form of haar chiefly when referring to feminine inanimate things:
- Ik wist de waarheid niet en ik wilde ze ook niet weten.
- I didn’t know the truth and didn’t wish to know it either.
- It is often avoided by using the reduced form h'r or the masculine form hem or the neuter form het or, in formal style, the full form haar.
- In Belgium, ze is usual as a reduced form of haar even when referring to persons (as in the example further above).
- Ze is used in certain short and idiomatic phrases in the imperative wishing one good luck, the most common by far being werk ze (“good luck at work!”).
Inflection edit
subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer, haars |
3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
plural | |||||||||
1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). |
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Gun edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
zé
- to take
Haitian Creole edit
Etymology edit
From French œufs (“eggs”). In French, the plural form œufs is commonly preceded by a determiner- such as aux, les or mes- whose final s or x is pronounced /z/ before vowels (and is otherwise silent). As a result, œufs was reanalyzed in Haitian Creole as beginning with /z/.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ze
Ido edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ze (plural ze-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter Z/z.
See also edit
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
ze
Kashubian edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
ze
- Alternative form of z.
Lower Sorbian edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
ze
- Alternative form of z (both meanings; used before sibilants and certain consonant clusters)
- Stej bratš ze sotšu. ― They are brother and sister (literally, “brother with sister”)
Luxembourgish edit
Alternative forms edit
- zu (for the adverb, when stressed)
Etymology edit
From Middle High German ze, from Old High German zi, from Proto-Germanic *ta, reduced form of *tō, whence Luxembourgish zu and zou.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
ze
- to (with a following infinitive)
- De Kaffi ass ze waarm fir ze drénken.
- The coffee is too hot to drink.
Adverb edit
ze
- too (more than enough, when unstressed)
- De Kaffi ass ze waarm fir ze drénken.
- The coffee is too hot to drink.
Mandarin edit
Romanization edit
ze
- Nonstandard spelling of zē.
- Nonstandard spelling of zé.
- Nonstandard spelling of zè.
- Nonstandard spelling of zê̄.
Usage notes edit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Masurian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Polish że.
Conjunction edit
ze
- introduces a subordinate clause; that
- 2018, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, translated by Paweł Pogorzelski and Psioter ôt Sziatków (Piotr Szatkowski), Małi Princ [The Little Prince], →ISBN, page 29:
- – To nie je zachä. To furá. To je fligier. To je mój fligier. Bułém sztolc, com mók mu poziedżiecz, ze furam
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Etymology 2 edit
Preposition edit
ze
- Alternative form of z
Middle English edit
Etymology edit
From Old English sǣ.
Noun edit
ze
- Alternative form of see (“sea”)
Descendants edit
- English: sea
Middle High German edit
Preposition edit
ze (+ dative)
- Alternative form of zuo
Northern Qiang edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rəj.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ze
References edit
Zhou Facheng; Sun Hongkai (2010) 汉羌词典 [Chinese–Qiang dictionary][4], Beijing: 中国文联出版社, →ISBN
Old Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
ze
- Alternative form of z.
Old Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
ze
- Alternative form of z
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish z, from Proto-Slavic *jьz.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
ze
- Alternative form of z
Particle edit
ze
- (colloquial) Alternative form of z
Usage notes edit
See z.
Further reading edit
Saterland Frisian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Frisian [Term?], from Proto-West Germanic *sī. Cognates include West Frisian sy and German sie.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ze
See also edit
References edit
Silesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
ze
- Alternative form of z
Turkish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
ze (definite accusative zeyi, plural zeler)
- The name of the Latin-script letter Z.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
ze
- Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ز
Turkmen edit
Noun edit
ze (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])
- The name of the Latin-script letter Z.
White Hmong edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
ze
Xhosa edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Relative edit
-ze?
Inflection edit
Relative concord | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |||
positive | negative | positive | negative | |
1st singular | endize | endingeze | ndize | andize |
2nd singular | oze | ongeze | uze | awuze |
1st plural | esize | esingeze | size | asize |
2nd plural | enize | eningeze | nize | anize |
Class 1 | oze | ongeze | uze | akaze |
Class 2 | abaze | abangeze | baze | abaze |
Class 3 | oze | ongeze | uze | awuze |
Class 4 | eze | engeze | ize | ayize |
Class 5 | elize | elingeze | lize | alize |
Class 6 | aze | angeze | aze | awaze |
Class 7 | esize | esingeze | size | asize |
Class 8 | ezize | ezingeze | zize | azize |
Class 9 | eze | engeze | ize | ayize |
Class 10 | ezize | ezingeze | zize | azize |
Class 11 | oluze | olungeze | luze | aluze |
Class 14 | obuze | obungeze | buze | abuze |
Class 15 | okuze | okungeze | kuze | akuze |
Class 17 | okuze | okungeze | kuze | akuze |
Yola edit
Verb edit
ze
- Alternative form of zee (“to see”)
References edit
- Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 81
Zazaki edit
Adverb edit
ze
Zulu edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Relative edit
-zé
Inflection edit
Relative concord, tone H | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |||
positive | negative | positive | negative | |
1st singular | engize | engingeze | ngize | angize |
2nd singular | oze | ongeze | uze | awuze |
1st plural | esize | esingeze | size | asize |
2nd plural | enize | eningeze | nize | anize |
Class 1 | oze | ongeze | uze | akaze |
Class 2 | abaze | abangeze | baze | abaze |
Class 3 | oze | ongeze | uze | awuze |
Class 4 | eze | engeze | ize | ayize |
Class 5 | elize | elingeze | lize | alize |
Class 6 | aze | angeze | aze | awaze |
Class 7 | esize | esingeze | size | asize |
Class 8 | ezize | ezingeze | zize | azize |
Class 9 | eze | engeze | ize | ayize |
Class 10 | ezize | ezingeze | zize | azize |
Class 11 | oluze | olungeze | luze | aluze |
Class 14 | obuze | obungeze | buze | abuze |
Class 15 | okuze | okungeze | kuze | akuze |
Class 17 | okuze | okungeze | kuze | akuze |
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From -za (“to come”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
-ze
- (auxiliary, in positive) until [+subjunctive]
- Sizolinda baze bafike.
- We will wait until they arrive.
- Sakhuluma waze wafika uthisha.
- We talked until the teacher arrived.
- (auxiliary, in positive, past) used in exclamations [+subjunctive]
- Waze wamuhle umakoti!
- Oh how beautiful the bride is!
- (auxiliary, in negative, present) never [+potential]
- Angize ngingadla inyama.
- I never eat meat.
- (auxiliary, in negative, past) never [+subjunctive]
- Akazange agibele ihhashi.
- He has never ridden a horse.
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
References edit
C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “-ze”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ze”