ма
Bulgarian edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Particle edit
ма • (ma)
- expresses disbelief, surprise, empathy
- Ма, то наистина било хубаво! ― Ma, to naistina bilo hubavo! ― Hey, it is indeed good!
- expresses irritation, objection, impatiance
- Ма, какво му мислите толкова? ― Ma, kakvo mu mislite tolkova? ― Jeez, what are you analysing so much!
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “ма⁴”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “ма”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 39
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “ма³”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 593
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from some neighbouring language. See Greek μα (ma), Italian ma.
Conjunction edit
ма • (ma)
- (colloquial) but, however
- Ще ти купя сладолед, ма друг път. ― Šte ti kupja sladoled, ma drug pǎt. ― I will buy you an icecream, however, at another time.
See also edit
- а́ма (áma, “however”) (Ottoman Turkish borrowing of Arabic origin)
References edit
- “ма³”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “ма¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 593
Etymology 3 edit
Shortening of мома́ (momá, “girl, maid”) and/or мо́ре (móre) (evocative intensifier).
Interjection edit
ма • (ma)
- (derogatory) placed at the end of a sentence, when directed at a woman, as an offensive intensifier
References edit
- “ма¹”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “ма”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “ма⁴”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 593
Dungan edit
Etymology 1 edit
Cognate to Standard Mandarin 馬/马 (mǎ)
Noun edit
ма • (ma)
Etymology 2 edit
Cognate to Standard Mandarin 媽/妈 (mā)
Noun edit
ма • (ma)
Etymology 3 edit
Cognate to Standard Mandarin 罵/骂 (mà)
Verb edit
ма • (ma)
- to scold
Eastern Mari edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
ма • (ma)
- whether, if
- толат ма уке, мылам садак
- tolat ma uke, mylam sadak
- I don't care if you come or not
- (ма... ма) whether... or
- ял ма, ола ма - илыш чыла вере икгаяк
- jal ma, ola ma - ilyš čyla vere ikgajak
- in the country or in the city, life is the same everywhere
Particle edit
ма • (ma)
- interrogative particle
- толат ма?
- tolat ma?
- are you coming?
References edit
- J. Bradley et al. (2023) “ма”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
Komi-Permyak edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Permic *må, from Proto-Uralic *mete, borrowed from an Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (compare Russian мёд (mjod), Ossetian мыд (myd) and English mead). Cognates include Finnish mesi and Hungarian méz.
Permic cognates include Udmurt му (mu) and Komi-Zyrian ма (ma).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ма • (ma)
Declension edit
Declension of ма (stem: ма-) | |||
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singular | plural | ||
nominative | ма (ma) | маэз (maez) | |
accusative | I* | ма (ma) | маэз (maez) |
II* | маӧс (maös) | маэзӧс (maezös) | |
instrumental | маӧн (maön) | маэзӧн (maezön) | |
comitative | макӧт (maköt) | маэзкӧт (maezköt) | |
caritive | матӧг (matög) | маэзтӧг (maeztög) | |
consecutive | мала (mala) | маэзла (maezla) | |
genitive | малӧн (malön) | маэзлӧн (maezlön) | |
ablative | малісь (maliś) | маэзлісь (maezliś) | |
dative | малӧ (malö) | маэзлӧ (maezlö) | |
inessive | маын (mayn) | маэзын (maezyn) | |
elative | маись (maiś) | маэзісь (maeziś) | |
illative | маӧ (maö) | маэзӧ (maezö) | |
egressive | масянь (maśań) | маэзсянь (maezśań) | |
approximative | малань (malań) | маэзлань (maezlań) | |
terminative | I | маӧдз (maödź) | маэзӧдз (maezödź) |
II | мави (mavi) | маэзви (maezvi) | |
prolative | маӧт (maöt) | маэзӧт (maezöt) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
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References edit
- R. M. Batalova, A. S. Krivoshchekova-Gantman (1985) Коми-пермяцко-русский словарь [Komi-Permyak-Russian dictionary][2], Moscow: Русский язык, page 240
Komi-Zyrian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Permic *må, from Proto-Uralic *mete, borrowed from an Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (compare Russian мёд (mjod) and English mead). Cognates include Finnish mesi and Hungarian méz.
Permic cognates include Udmurt му (mu) and Komi-Permyak ма (ma).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ма • (ma)
Declension edit
Declension of ма (stem: ма-) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ма (ma) | маяс (majas) | |
accusative | I* | ма (ma) | маяс (majas) |
II* | маӧс (maös) | маясӧс (majasös) | |
instrumental | маӧн (maön) | маясӧн (majasön) | |
comitative | макӧд (maköd) | маяскӧд (majasköd) | |
caritive | матӧг (matög) | маястӧг (majastög) | |
consecutive | мала (mala) | маясла (majasla) | |
genitive | малӧн (malön) | маяслӧн (majaslön) | |
ablative | малысь (malyś) | маяслысь (majaslyś) | |
dative | малы (maly) | маяслы (majasly) | |
inessive | маын (mayn) | маясын (majasyn) | |
elative | маысь (mayś) | маясысь (majasyś) | |
illative | маӧ (maö) | маясӧ (majasö) | |
egressive | масянь (maśań) | маяссянь (majasśań) | |
approximative | малань (malań) | маяслань (majaslań) | |
terminative | маӧдз (maödź) | маясӧдз (majasödź) | |
prolative | I | маӧд (maöd) | маясӧд (majasöd) |
II | маті (mati) | маясті (majasti) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
Possessive declension of ма | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms edit
References edit
- A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 121
- L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 376
Macedonian edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
ма • (ma)
- (vulgar, derogatory) Placed at the end of an utterance as an offensive intensifier (usually when addressing women)
Mariupol Greek edit
Etymology edit
From Byzantine Greek μά (má), borrowed from Old Italian ma. Cognates include Greek μα (ma).
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
ма • (ma) (emphatic form а́ма)
References edit
- A. A. Diamantopulo-Rionis with D. L. Demerdzhi, A. M. Davydova-Diamantopulo, A. A. Shapurma, R. S. Kharabadot, and D. K. Patricha (2006) “ма”, in Румейско-русский и русско-румейский словарь пяти диалектов греков Приазовья, Mariupol, →ISBN
- G. A. Animica, M. P. Galikbarova (2013) Румеку глоса[3], Donetsk, page 34
Northern Khanty edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ма (ma) (Kazym)
Declension edit
Inflection of ма (ma) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ма (ma) | ||
Accusative | мăнәт (mănət) | ||
Dative | мăнєм (mănêm) |
See also edit
References edit
Ossetian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁.
Particle edit
ма • (ma)
- (Iron, Difor) prohibitive particle
- ма тӕрс ― ma tærs ― don't be afraid
Further reading edit
- Bigulajev, B. B., Gagkajev, K. Je., Kulajev, N. X., Tuajeva, O. N. (1970) “ма”, in A. M. Kasajev, editor, Осетинско-русский словарь [Ossetian–Russian Dictionary], 3rd edition, Ordzhonikidze: Ir
- Takazov, F. M. (2003) “ма”, in Дигорско-русский словарь [Digor–Russian Dictionary], Vladikavkaz: Alania
- Abajev, V. I. (1973) “ma”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 60f
Southern Yukaghir edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
ма (ma)
- take it!
- 2000, V. K. Spiridonov, I. A. Nikolaeva, Букварь для 1 класса юкагирских школ [A primer for the 1st class of Yukaghir schools], Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 11:
- Эм-мээ, ма!
- Em-mē, ma!
- Mum-my, take!
References edit
- Elena Maslova (2003) A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 30
Udmurt edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Permic [Term?], from Proto-Uralic *mi. Cognates include Moksha мезе (meźe), Veps mi and Hungarian mi.
Permic ognates include Komi-Zyrian мый (myj) and Komi-Yazva мөй (måj).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ма • (ma)
References edit
- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “ма”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 418
- T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 46
- Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 153
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