بد
Arabic edit
Root |
---|
ب د د (b-d-d) |
Etymology edit
Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Classical Persian بُت (but).
Noun edit
بُدّ • (budd) m (plural بِدَدَة (bidada) or أَبْدَاد (ʔabdād))
- escape, means of avoiding something
- لَا بُدَّ مِن كَذَا
- lā budda min kaḏā
- there is no avoiding such a thing, such a thing is inevitable
- flight
- separation
- part, portion
- equivalent, substitute
- idol
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُدّ budd |
الْبُدّ al-budd |
بُدّ budd |
Nominative | بُدٌّ buddun |
الْبُدُّ al-buddu |
بُدُّ buddu |
Accusative | بُدًّا buddan |
الْبُدَّ al-budda |
بُدَّ budda |
Genitive | بُدٍّ buddin |
الْبُدِّ al-buddi |
بُدِّ buddi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | بُدَّيْن buddayn |
الْبُدَّيْن al-buddayn |
بُدَّيْ budday |
Nominative | بُدَّانِ buddāni |
الْبُدَّانِ al-buddāni |
بُدَّا buddā |
Accusative | بُدَّيْنِ buddayni |
الْبُدَّيْنِ al-buddayni |
بُدَّيْ budday |
Genitive | بُدَّيْنِ buddayni |
الْبُدَّيْنِ al-buddayni |
بُدَّيْ budday |
Plural | broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a); basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بِدَدَة; أَبْدَاد bidada; ʔabdād |
الْبِدَدَة; الْأَبْدَاد al-bidada; al-ʔabdād |
بِدَدَة; أَبْدَاد bidadat; ʔabdād |
Nominative | بِدَدَةٌ; أَبْدَادٌ bidadatun; ʔabdādun |
الْبِدَدَةُ; الْأَبْدَادُ al-bidadatu; al-ʔabdādu |
بِدَدَةُ; أَبْدَادُ bidadatu; ʔabdādu |
Accusative | بِدَدَةً; أَبْدَادًا bidadatan; ʔabdādan |
الْبِدَدَةَ; الْأَبْدَادَ al-bidadata; al-ʔabdāda |
بِدَدَةَ; أَبْدَادَ bidadata; ʔabdāda |
Genitive | بِدَدَةٍ; أَبْدَادٍ bidadatin; ʔabdādin |
الْبِدَدَةِ; الْأَبْدَادِ al-bidadati; al-ʔabdādi |
بِدَدَةِ; أَبْدَادِ bidadati; ʔabdādi |
References edit
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “بد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[1], London: Williams & Norgate
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “بد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[2], London: W.H. Allen
Khalaj edit
Adjective edit
بَد (bəd)
North Levantine Arabic edit
Etymology edit
From Arabic بِوِدِّ (biwiddi).
Preposition edit
بد • (badd, bidd)
- want to
- بدي شوفك كل يوم، يا حبيبي
- Baddi šūfak kill yōm, ya ḥabībi.
- I want to see you every day, my dear.
- should; need
- شو بدنا نئللو؟
- Šu badna nʾil-lu?
- What should we tell him?
Usage notes edit
- The past is formed by adding كان (kēn), which originally would be left unchanged, but is now equally commonly conjugated. Thus: كان بدي شوفك (kēn baddi šūfak) or كنت بدي شوفك (kint baddi šūfak), both “I wanted to see you.”
Ottoman Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Adjective edit
بد • (bed)
Pashto edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
بد • (bəd)
Declension edit
Adverb edit
بد • (bad)
Persian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Persian [script needed] (SLYA) / [script needed] (wt' /wad/, “bad, evil”), from Proto-Iranian *watah, with further origin uncertain. Akin to Old Armenian վատ (vat), an Iranian borrowing. Unrelated to English bad, despite phonetic and semantic similarity.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [bað]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bæd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bäd̪]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | baḏ |
Dari reading? | bad |
Iranian reading? | bad |
Tajik reading? | bad |
Audio: (file)
Adjective edit
Dari | بد |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | бад |
بَد • (bad) (comparative بَدتَر (bad-tar), superlative بَدتَرین (bad-tarin))
Antonyms edit
- خوب (xub)
Adverb edit
بَد • (bad)
Derived terms edit
- بدی (badi)
Descendants edit
References edit
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “wad”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 85
- Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 46
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Persian -pt' (-bed), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pátiš (compare Old Armenian պետ (pet), an Iranian borrowing), from Proto-Indo-European *pótis (“master”).
Noun edit
بد • (-bad, -bed, -bod)
References edit
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “بد”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “-bed”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 18
South Levantine Arabic edit
Etymology edit
From Arabic بِوِدِّ (biwiddi).
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
بدّ • (bidd-)
- (false verb) to want
- Synonym: حبّ (ḥabb)
- (false verb, by extension) to need
- Synonym: احتاج (iḥtāj)
- (auxiliary) will, going to
- Synonym: رح (raḥ)
Usage notes edit
- Similar to terms like عند (ʕind, “to have”), the term بدّ (bidd) is "conjugated" with enclitic pronouns. Unlike عند (ʕind), however, بدّ (bidd) has no inherent meaning and can never be used entirely by itself.
Inflection edit
Inflected forms of بد | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | بدّ (bidd) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
singular | plural | |||
m | f | ||||
1st person | بدّي (biddi) | بدنا (bidna) | |||
2nd person | بدّك (biddak) | بدّك (biddek) | بدكم (bidkom) | ||
3rd person | بدّه (biddo) | بدها (bidha) | بدهم (bidhom) |
Urdu edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian بد (bad). Unrelated to English bad.
Adjective edit
بد • (bad) (comparative بدتر, superlative بدترین, Hindi spelling बद)
Synonyms edit
- برا (burā)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Sanskrit वृन्ध (vṛndha).
Noun edit
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ب د د
- Arabic semantic loans from Classical Persian
- Arabic terms derived from Classical Persian
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with triptote broken plural in -a
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Khalaj lemmas
- Khalaj adjectives
- Khalaj terms in Arabic script
- North Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- North Levantine Arabic lemmas
- North Levantine Arabic prepositions
- North Levantine Arabic terms with usage examples
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish adjectives
- Pashto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pashto terms with audio links
- Pashto lemmas
- Pashto adjectives
- Pashto adverbs
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms with unknown etymologies
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms with audio links
- Persian lemmas
- Persian adjectives
- Persian adverbs
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian nouns
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic prepositions
- South Levantine Arabic terms with usage examples
- South Levantine Arabic auxiliary verbs
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu adjectives
- Urdu terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Urdu terms derived from Sanskrit
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns