دم
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
دَمَّ • (damma) I, non-past يَدُمُّ (yadummu)
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
دَمّ damm | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
dāmm | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
madmūm | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | damamtu |
damamta |
دَمَّ damma |
damamtumā |
dammā |
damamnā |
damamtum |
dammū | |||
f | damamti |
dammat |
dammatā |
damamtunna |
damamna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔadummu |
tadummu |
yadummu |
tadummāni |
yadummāni |
nadummu |
tadummūna |
yadummūna | |||
f | tadummīna |
tadummu |
tadummāni |
tadmumna |
yadmumna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔadumma |
tadumma |
yadumma |
tadummā |
yadummā |
nadumma |
tadummū |
yadummū | |||
f | tadummī |
tadumma |
tadummā |
tadmumna |
yadmumna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔadumma or ʔadummi or ʔadmum |
tadumma or tadummi or tadmum |
yadumma or yadummi or yadmum |
tadummā |
yadummā |
nadumma or nadummi or nadmum |
tadummū |
yadummū | |||
f | tadummī |
tadumma or tadummi or tadmum |
tadummā |
tadmumna |
yadmumna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | dumma or dummi or udmum |
dummā |
dummū |
||||||||
f | dummī |
udmumna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | dumimtu |
dumimta |
دُمَّ dumma |
dumimtumā |
dummā |
dumimnā |
dumimtum |
dummū | |||
f | dumimti |
dummat |
dummatā |
dumimtunna |
dumimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔudammu |
tudammu |
yudammu |
tudammāni |
yudammāni |
nudammu |
tudammūna |
yudammūna | |||
f | tudammīna |
tudammu |
tudammāni |
tudmamna |
yudmamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔudamma |
tudamma |
yudamma |
tudammā |
yudammā |
nudamma |
tudammū |
yudammū | |||
f | tudammī |
tudamma |
tudammā |
tudmamna |
yudmamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔudamma or ʔudammi or ʔudmam |
tudamma or tudammi or tudmam |
yudamma or yudammi or yudmam |
tudammā |
yudammā |
nudamma or nudammi or nudmam |
tudammū |
yudammū | |||
f | tudammī |
tudamma or tudammi or tudmam |
tudammā |
tudmamna |
yudmamna |
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
دَمّ • (damm) m
Declension edit
Etymology 3 edit
Inherited from Proto-Semitic *dam-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *dam-.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
دَم • (dam) m (dual دَمَانِ (damāni) or دَمَيَان (damayān) or دَمَوَانِ (damawāni), plural دِمَاء (dimāʔ))
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | دَم dam |
الدَّم ad-dam |
دَم dam |
Nominative | دَمٌ damun |
الدَّمُ ad-damu |
دَمُ damu |
Accusative | دَمًا daman |
الدَّمَ ad-dama |
دَمَ dama |
Genitive | دَمٍ damin |
الدَّمِ ad-dami |
دَمِ dami |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | دَمَيْن; دَمَيَيْن; دَمَوَيْن damayn; damayayn; damawayn |
الدَّمَيْن; الدَّمَيَيْن; الدَّمَوَيْن ad-damayn; ad-damayayn; ad-damawayn |
دَمَيْ; دَمَيَيْ; دَمَوَيْ damay; damayay; damaway |
Nominative | دَمَانِ; دَمَيَانِ; دَمَوَانِ damāni; damayāni; damawāni |
الدَّمَانِ; الدَّمَيَانِ; الدَّمَوَانِ ad-damāni; ad-damayāni; ad-damawāni |
دَمَا; دَمَيَا; دَمَوَا damā; damayā; damawā |
Accusative | دَمَيْنِ; دَمَيَيْنِ; دَمَوَيْنِ damayni; damayayni; damawayni |
الدَّمَيْنِ; الدَّمَيَيْنِ; الدَّمَوَيْنِ ad-damayni; ad-damayayni; ad-damawayni |
دَمَيْ; دَمَيَيْ; دَمَوَيْ damay; damayay; damaway |
Genitive | دَمَيْنِ; دَمَيَيْنِ; دَمَوَيْنِ damayni; damayayni; damawayni |
الدَّمَيْنِ; الدَّمَيَيْنِ; الدَّمَوَيْنِ ad-damayni; ad-damayayni; ad-damawayni |
دَمَيْ; دَمَيَيْ; دَمَوَيْ damay; damayay; damaway |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | دِمَاء dimāʔ |
الدِّمَاء ad-dimāʔ |
دِمَاء dimāʔ |
Nominative | دِمَاءٌ dimāʔun |
الدِّمَاءُ ad-dimāʔu |
دِمَاءُ dimāʔu |
Accusative | دِمَاءً dimāʔan |
الدِّمَاءَ ad-dimāʔa |
دِمَاءَ dimāʔa |
Genitive | دِمَاءٍ dimāʔin |
الدِّمَاءِ ad-dimāʔi |
دِمَاءِ dimāʔi |
Related terms edit
- دَمَوِيّ (damawiyy)
Descendants edit
- Hijazi Arabic: دَمّ (damm)
- Maltese: demm
- Moroccan Arabic: دم (damm)
- → Indonesian: dam (“punishment”)
- → Swahili: damu
Etymology 4 edit
Suggested by Hommel as inherited from a Proto-Semitic *dimm- (“wild cat”), but presumably borrowed from Ge'ez ድመት (dəmmat), because this is a Lockwort rare in literary Arabic and appears in the dialects only in northwest Yemen, whereas it overspreads all Ethiopian Semitic as the word for the cat; the compared Akkadian 𒁺𒈠𒈬 (du-ma-mu /dumāmu, tumāmu/, “leopard”) is considered probably a foreign borrowing.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
دِمّ • (dimm) m (plural دِمَم (dimam), feminine دِمّة (dimma)) (now only Yemen)
Declension edit
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | دِمّ dimm |
الدِّمّ ad-dimm |
دِمّ dimm |
دِمَّة dimma |
الدِّمَّة ad-dimma |
دِمَّة dimmat |
Nominative | دِمٌّ dimmun |
الدِّمُّ ad-dimmu |
دِمُّ dimmu |
دِمَّةٌ dimmatun |
الدِّمَّةُ ad-dimmatu |
دِمَّةُ dimmatu |
Accusative | دِمًّا dimman |
الدِّمَّ ad-dimma |
دِمَّ dimma |
دِمَّةً dimmatan |
الدِّمَّةَ ad-dimmata |
دِمَّةَ dimmata |
Genitive | دِمٍّ dimmin |
الدِّمِّ ad-dimmi |
دِمِّ dimmi |
دِمَّةٍ dimmatin |
الدِّمَّةِ ad-dimmati |
دِمَّةِ dimmati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | دِمَّيْن dimmayn |
الدِّمَّيْن ad-dimmayn |
دِمَّيْ dimmay |
دِمَّتَيْن dimmatayn |
الدِّمَّتَيْن ad-dimmatayn |
دِمَّتَيْ dimmatay |
Nominative | دِمَّانِ dimmāni |
الدِّمَّانِ ad-dimmāni |
دِمَّا dimmā |
دِمَّتَانِ dimmatāni |
الدِّمَّتَانِ ad-dimmatāni |
دِمَّتَا dimmatā |
Accusative | دِمَّيْنِ dimmayni |
الدِّمَّيْنِ ad-dimmayni |
دِمَّيْ dimmay |
دِمَّتَيْنِ dimmatayni |
الدِّمَّتَيْنِ ad-dimmatayni |
دِمَّتَيْ dimmatay |
Genitive | دِمَّيْنِ dimmayni |
الدِّمَّيْنِ ad-dimmayni |
دِمَّيْ dimmay |
دِمَّتَيْنِ dimmatayni |
الدِّمَّتَيْنِ ad-dimmatayni |
دِمَّتَيْ dimmatay |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
basic broken plural triptote | sound feminine plural | |||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | دِمَم dimam |
الدِّمَم ad-dimam |
دِمَم dimam |
دِمَّات dimmāt |
الدِّمَّات ad-dimmāt |
دِمَّات dimmāt |
Nominative | دِمَمٌ dimamun |
الدِّمَمُ ad-dimamu |
دِمَمُ dimamu |
دِمَّاتٌ dimmātun |
الدِّمَّاتُ ad-dimmātu |
دِمَّاتُ dimmātu |
Accusative | دِمَمًا dimaman |
الدِّمَمَ ad-dimama |
دِمَمَ dimama |
دِمَّاتٍ dimmātin |
الدِّمَّاتِ ad-dimmāti |
دِمَّاتِ dimmāti |
Genitive | دِمَمٍ dimamin |
الدِّمَمِ ad-dimami |
دِمَمِ dimami |
دِمَّاتٍ dimmātin |
الدِّمَّاتِ ad-dimmāti |
دِمَّاتِ dimmāti |
References edit
- Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2005) Arabische Dialektgeographie. Eine Einführung (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 78) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, , →ISBN, page 200
- Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2010) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band I: Mensch, Natur, Fauna und Flora (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, , →ISBN, pages 326–329
- Hommel, Fritz (1879) Die Namen der Säugethiere bei den südsemitischen Völkern als Beiträge zur arabischen und äthiopischen Lexicographie, zur semitischen Kulturforschung und Sprachvergleichung und zur Geschichte der Mittelmeerfauna. Mit steter Berücksichtigung auch der assyrischen und hebräischen Thiernamen und geographischen und literaturgeschichtlichen Excursen[1] (in German), Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, pages 318–319
- Landsberger, Benno (1931) “Lexikalisches Archiv”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete[2] (in German), volume 40, page 296 / Nr. 2
- Landsberger, Benno (1934) Die Fauna des alten Mesopotamien nach der 14. Tafel der Serie ḪAR-RA = ḫubullu (Abhandlungen der philologisch-historischen Klasse der sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; XLII. Nr. VI)[3] (in German), Leipzig: Salomon Hirzel, pages 83–84
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft[4] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 58
- Soden, Wolfram von (1933) “Der hymnisch-epische Dialekt des Akkadischen”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete[5] (in German), volume 41, page 168 / Fn. 4
Etymology 5 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
- second-person masculine singular imperative active of دَامَ (dāma)
- second-person masculine singular active imperative of دَامَ (dāma)
Hijazi Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
دَمّ • (damm) m (dual دَمّين (dammēn), plural دُمَّان (dummān))
Laki edit
Noun edit
دم (dim)
Malay edit
Noun edit
دم (plural دم-دم or دم۲, informal 1st possessive دمکو, 2nd possessive دممو, 3rd possessive دمڽ)
Moroccan Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
دم • (damm) m (plural دمايات (dmāyāt))
- blood
- غلى فيه الدم. ― ḡlā fīh ed-damm. ― He got very angry. (literally, “The blood boiled inside of him.”)
- كان كله دمايات. ― kān kullu dmāyāt. ― He was covered in blood.
Persian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Spoken form of دنب (donb); see there for etymology.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [dum]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪om]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪um]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | dum |
Dari reading? | dum |
Iranian reading? | dom |
Tajik reading? | dum |
Noun edit
Dari | دم |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | дум |
دم • (dom)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Persian [script needed] (dam), from Proto-Iranian *damH (“to blow, breathe; to swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰemH- (“to blow”);[1][2] compare Sanskrit धमति (dhámati, “to blow”), Lithuanian dùmti (“to blow”), Polish dąć (“to blow”), English damp.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [dam]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪æm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪äm]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | dam |
Dari reading? | dam |
Iranian reading? | dam |
Tajik reading? | dam |
Noun edit
Dari | دم |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | дам |
دم • (dam)
- breath
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3126:
- چون که من من نیستم این دم ز هوست / پیش این دم هر که دم زد کافر اوست
- čôn ki man man nîstam ên dam za hû-st / pêš-i-ên dam har ki dam zad kâfir û-st
- Since I am not I, this breath (of mine) is from Him: in the presence of this breath if any one breathes (a word) he is an infidel.”
- steam
- moment
Related terms edit
- دمیدن (damidan)
Descendants edit
- → Armenian: դամ (dam)
- → Bengali: দম (dom)
- → Azerbaijani: dəm
- → Kazakh: дем (dem)
- → Ottoman Turkish: دم (dem)
- Turkish: dem
- → Hindi: दम (dam)
- → Urdu: دم (dam)
Etymology 3 edit
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos.
Noun edit
دم • (dam)
Etymology 4 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [dam]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪æm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪äm]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | dam |
Dari reading? | dam |
Iranian reading? | dam |
Tajik reading? | dam |
Noun edit
دم • (dam)
References edit
South Levantine Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
دمّ • (damm) m
Derived terms edit
- تقيل الدمّ (tʔīl id-damm, “unpleasant, disagreeable, irritating”)
Urdu edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Sanskrit दम (dama).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d̪əm/
Noun edit
دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian دم (dam).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d̪əm/
Noun edit
دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)
- breath
- puff
- whiff
- life, vitality
- energy, vigour
- moment, instant
- draught
- elasticity
- strength
- ambition
- pleasure
Etymology 3 edit
From Sanskrit दम्भ (dambha). Cognate with Persian دم (dam).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d̪əm/
Noun edit
دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)
Etymology 4 edit
Borrowed from Arabic دَم (dam).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d̪əm/
Noun edit
دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)
Etymology 5 edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian دم (dum).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d̪ʊm/
Noun edit
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