बाल

Hindi edit

Pronunciation edit

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /bɑːl/, [bäːl]

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀯𑀸𑀮 (vāla), from Sanskrit वाल (vāla). Cognate with Assamese বাল (bal, “pubic hair”).

Noun edit

बाल • (bāl) m (Urdu spelling بال)

hair
Synonym: केश (keś)

इस लड़की के पास बहुत लंबे-लंबे बाल हैं।
is laṛkī ke pās bahut lambe-lambe bāl ha͠i.
This girl has very long hair.

बालों की ज़ुल्फ़ें
bālõ kī zulfẽ
tresses of the hair

Declension edit

Declension of बाल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	बाल bāl	बाल bāl
oblique	बाल bāl	बालों bālõ
vocative	बाल bāl	बालो bālo

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Sanskrit बाल (bāla).

Noun edit

बाल • (bāl) m (Urdu spelling بال)

(chiefly in compounds) child, boy
Synonym: बच्चा (baccā)

Declension edit

Declension of बाल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	बाल bāl	बाल bāl
oblique	बाल bāl	बालों bālõ
vocative	बाल bāl	बालो bālo

Derived terms edit

बाल-बच्चे (bāl-bacce, “children”)
बाल-बुद्धि (bāl-buddhi, “childishness, puerility”)
बाल-वध (bāl-vadh, “infanticide”)
बाल-विधवा (bāl-vidhvā, “child widow”)
बाल-विवाह (bāl-vivāh, “child marriage”)
बालकेलि (bālkeli, “infantile fun, childish frolic”)

Etymology 3 edit

Borrowed from Classical Persian (bāl), from Middle Persian b’lk’ (bālag, “wing”).

Noun edit

बाल • (bāl) m (Urdu spelling بال)

wing

References edit

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “बाल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Bahri, Hardev (1989) “बाल”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “बाल”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Pali edit

Alternative forms edit

Alternative forms

bāla (Latin script)
𑀩𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
বাল (Bengali script)
බාල (Sinhalese script)
ဗာလ or ၿႃလ (Burmese script)
พาล or พาละ (Thai script)
ᨻᩣᩃ (Tai Tham script)
ພາລ or ພາລະ (Lao script)
ពាល (Khmer script)
𑄝𑄂𑄣 (Chakma script)

Noun edit

बाल m

Devanagari script form of bāla (“child, fool”)
Devanagari script form of bāla (“hair”)

Declension edit

Declension table of "बाल" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	बालो (bālo)	बाला (bālā)
Accusative (second)	बालं (bālaṃ)	बाले (bāle)
Instrumental (third)	बालेन (bālena)	बालेहि (bālehi) or बालेभि (bālebhi)
Dative (fourth)	बालस्स (bālassa) or बालाय (bālāya) or बालत्थं (bālatthaṃ)	बालानं (bālānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	बालस्मा (bālasmā) or बालम्हा (bālamhā) or बाला (bālā)	बालेहि (bālehi) or बालेभि (bālebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	बालस्स (bālassa)	बालानं (bālānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	बालस्मिं (bālasmiṃ) or बालम्हि (bālamhi) or बाले (bāle)	बालेसु (bālesu)
Vocative (calling)	बाल (bāla)	बाला (bālā)

Adjective edit

बाल

Devanagari script form of bāla (“young”)

Declension edit

Declension table of "बाल" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	बालो (bālo)	बाला (bālā)
Accusative (second)	बालं (bālaṃ)	बाले (bāle)
Instrumental (third)	बालेन (bālena)	बालेहि (bālehi) or बालेभि (bālebhi)
Dative (fourth)	बालस्स (bālassa) or बालाय (bālāya) or बालत्थं (bālatthaṃ)	बालानं (bālānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	बालस्मा (bālasmā) or बालम्हा (bālamhā) or बाला (bālā)	बालेहि (bālehi) or बालेभि (bālebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	बालस्स (bālassa)	बालानं (bālānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	बालस्मिं (bālasmiṃ) or बालम्हि (bālamhi) or बाले (bāle)	बालेसु (bālesu)
Vocative (calling)	बाल (bāla)	बाला (bālā)

Declension table of "बाला" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	बाला (bālā)	बालायो (bālāyo) or बाला (bālā)
Accusative (second)	बालं (bālaṃ)	बालायो (bālāyo) or बाला (bālā)
Instrumental (third)	बालाय (bālāya)	बालाहि (bālāhi) or बालाभि (bālābhi)
Dative (fourth)	बालाय (bālāya)	बालानं (bālānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	बालाय (bālāya)	बालाहि (bālāhi) or बालाभि (bālābhi)
Genitive (sixth)	बालाय (bālāya)	बालानं (bālānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	बालाय (bālāya) or बालायं (bālāyaṃ)	बालासु (bālāsu)
Vocative (calling)	बाले (bāle)	बालायो (bālāyo) or बाला (bālā)

Declension table of "बाल" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	बालं (bālaṃ)	बालानि (bālāni)
Accusative (second)	बालं (bālaṃ)	बालानि (bālāni)
Instrumental (third)	बालेन (bālena)	बालेहि (bālehi) or बालेभि (bālebhi)
Dative (fourth)	बालस्स (bālassa) or बालाय (bālāya) or बालत्थं (bālatthaṃ)	बालानं (bālānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	बालस्मा (bālasmā) or बालम्हा (bālamhā) or बाला (bālā)	बालेहि (bālehi) or बालेभि (bālebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	बालस्स (bālassa)	बालानं (bālānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	बालस्मिं (bālasmiṃ) or बालम्हि (bālamhi) or बाले (bāle)	बालेसु (bālesu)
Vocative (calling)	बाल (bāla)	बालानि (bālāni)

Sanskrit edit

Alternative scripts edit

Alternative scripts

বাল (Assamese script)
ᬩᬵᬮ (Balinese script)
বাল (Bengali script)
𑰤𑰯𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀩𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
ဗာလ (Burmese script)
બાલ (Gujarati script)
ਬਾਲ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌬𑌾𑌲 (Grantha script)
ꦧꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
𑂥𑂰𑂪 (Kaithi script)
ಬಾಲ (Kannada script)
ពាល (Khmer script)
ພາລ (Lao script)
ബാല (Malayalam script)
ᠪᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘤𑘰𑘩 (Modi script)
ᠪᠠᢗᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧄𑧑𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
𑐧𑐵𑐮 (Newa script)
ବାଲ (Odia script)
ꢨꢵꢭ (Saurashtra script)
𑆧𑆳𑆬 (Sharada script)
𑖤𑖯𑖩 (Siddham script)
බාල (Sinhalese script)
𑩲𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
𑚠𑚭𑚥 (Takri script)
ப³ால (Tamil script)
బాల (Telugu script)
พาล (Thai script)
བཱ་ལ (Tibetan script)
𑒥𑒰𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
𑨠𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology edit

The origin is uncertain.

Perhaps a vṛddhi derivative of बल (bala, “strength”), denoting the potential and eventual power of youth; compare Lithuanian viekà (“power”) and vaikas (“child”) for an etymologically related pair (with each other, not to बाल) with similar semantic connection.

Alternatively, imitative of the babbling of little children; compare बल्बला (balbalā, “to stammer”).

Finally, has been connected by Kuiper to Proto-Munda; compare Santali bale (“fresh, tender”) and Ho bāle (“young”), ultimately from Proto-Munda *bāle. Though this comparison is phonetically and semantically sound, it is unlikely for a Vedic word of such basic significance to be a loanword. In this case, the Munda words are from Sanskrit, possibly via a Prakrit.

Pronunciation edit

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /bɑː.lɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈbɑː.l̪ɐ/

Noun edit

बाल • (bāla) stem, m

boy; child
न बालः अस्मि।
na bālaḥ asmi.
I am not a boy.
fool, simpleton

Declension edit

Masculine a-stem declension of बाल (bāla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	बालः bālaḥ	बालौ / बाला¹ bālau / bālā¹	बालाः / बालासः¹ bālāḥ / bālāsaḥ¹
Vocative	बाल bāla	बालौ / बाला¹ bālau / bālā¹	बालाः / बालासः¹ bālāḥ / bālāsaḥ¹
Accusative	बालम् bālam	बालौ / बाला¹ bālau / bālā¹	बालान् bālān
Instrumental	बालेन bālena	बालाभ्याम् bālābhyām	बालैः / बालेभिः¹ bālaiḥ / bālebhiḥ¹
Dative	बालाय bālāya	बालाभ्याम् bālābhyām	बालेभ्यः bālebhyaḥ
Ablative	बालात् bālāt	बालाभ्याम् bālābhyām	बालेभ्यः bālebhyaḥ
Genitive	बालस्य bālasya	बालयोः bālayoḥ	बालानाम् bālānām
Locative	बाले bāle	बालयोः bālayoḥ	बालेषु bāleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms edit

बालक (bālaka)
बालकेलि (bālakeli)

Descendants edit

→ Assamese: বাল (bal)
→ Bengali: বাল (bal)
→ Gujarati: બાળ (bāḷ)
→ Hindi: बाल (bāl)
→ Marathi: बाळ (bāḷ)
Pali: bāla
- → Khmer: ពាល (piəl)
- → Thai: พาล (paan)
Saraiki: ٻال (ḇāl)
→ Tamil: பாலன் (pālaṉ)
⇒ Telugu: బాలుండు (bāluṇḍu)

Adjective edit

बाल • (bāla) stem

childish, immature
newly-risen (of the sun)
(astronomy) waxing (of the moon)
simple, foolish

Declension edit

Masculine a-stem declension of बाल (bāla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	बालः bālaḥ	बालौ / बाला¹ bālau / bālā¹	बालाः / बालासः¹ bālāḥ / bālāsaḥ¹
Vocative	बाल bāla	बालौ / बाला¹ bālau / bālā¹	बालाः / बालासः¹ bālāḥ / bālāsaḥ¹
Accusative	बालम् bālam	बालौ / बाला¹ bālau / bālā¹	बालान् bālān
Instrumental	बालेन bālena	बालाभ्याम् bālābhyām	बालैः / बालेभिः¹ bālaiḥ / bālebhiḥ¹
Dative	बालाय bālāya	बालाभ्याम् bālābhyām	बालेभ्यः bālebhyaḥ
Ablative	बालात् bālāt	बालाभ्याम् bālābhyām	बालेभ्यः bālebhyaḥ
Genitive	बालस्य bālasya	बालयोः bālayoḥ	बालानाम् bālānām
Locative	बाले bāle	बालयोः bālayoḥ	बालेषु bāleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of बाला (bālā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	बाला bālā	बाले bāle	बालाः bālāḥ
Vocative	बाले bāle	बाले bāle	बालाः bālāḥ
Accusative	बालाम् bālām	बाले bāle	बालाः bālāḥ
Instrumental	बालया / बाला¹ bālayā / bālā¹	बालाभ्याम् bālābhyām	बालाभिः bālābhiḥ
Dative	बालायै bālāyai	बालाभ्याम् bālābhyām	बालाभ्यः bālābhyaḥ
Ablative	बालायाः / बालायै² bālāyāḥ / bālāyai²	बालाभ्याम् bālābhyām	बालाभ्यः bālābhyaḥ
Genitive	बालायाः / बालायै² bālāyāḥ / bālāyai²	बालयोः bālayoḥ	बालानाम् bālānām
Locative	बालायाम् bālāyām	बालयोः bālayoḥ	बालासु bālāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of बाल (bāla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	बालम् bālam	बाले bāle	बालानि / बाला¹ bālāni / bālā¹
Vocative	बाल bāla	बाले bāle	बालानि / बाला¹ bālāni / bālā¹
Accusative	बालम् bālam	बाले bāle	बालानि / बाला¹ bālāni / bālā¹
Instrumental	बालेन bālena	बालाभ्याम् bālābhyām	बालैः / बालेभिः¹ bālaiḥ / bālebhiḥ¹
Dative	बालाय bālāya	बालाभ्याम् bālābhyām	बालेभ्यः bālebhyaḥ
Ablative	बालात् bālāt	बालाभ्याम् bālābhyām	बालेभ्यः bālebhyaḥ
Genitive	बालस्य bālasya	बालयोः bālayoḥ	बालानाम् bālānām
Locative	बाले bāle	बालयोः bālayoḥ	बालेषु bāleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References edit

Monier Williams (1899) “बाल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 728, column 3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 223
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 426