天井

Chinese edit

		day; sky; heaven	warn; well
simp. and trad. (天井)		天	井

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tiānjǐng

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢㄐㄧㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tin¹ zeng² / tin¹ zing²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thiên-chiáng

(Meixian, Guangdong): tiên¹ jiang³
Eastern Min (BUC): tiĕng-cāng / tiĕng-ciāng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thiⁿ-chíⁿ / thiⁿ-chéⁿ / thian-chíⁿ / thian-chéⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): tiêng¹ zên²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹thi-cin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiānjǐng
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢㄐㄧㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tianjǐng
  - Wade–Giles: tʻien¹-ching³
  - Yale: tyān-jǐng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianjiing
  - Palladius: тяньцзин (tjanʹczin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tin¹ zeng² / tin¹ zing²
  - Yale: tīn jéng / tīn jíng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tin¹ dzeng² / tin¹ dzing²
  - Guangdong Romanization: tin¹ zéng² / tin¹ jing²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/, /tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³⁵/

Note:

tin1 zeng2 - vernacular;
tin1 zing2 - literary.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-chiáng
  - Hakka Romanization System: tien´ jiang`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tian¹ jiang³
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴ t͡si̯aŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tiên¹ jiang³
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡siaŋ³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tiĕng-cāng / tiĕng-ciāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(t͡s-)ʒaŋ³³/, /tʰieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(t͡s-)ʒiaŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ-chíⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: thinn-tsínn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tvicvie
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰĩ³³ t͡sĩ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sĩ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sĩ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ-chéⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: thinn-tsénn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tvizvea
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sẽ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɛ̃⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Hsinchu, Kinmen, Sanxia)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-chíⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: thian-tsínn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiencvie
  - IPA (Kinmen): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sĩ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-chéⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: thian-tsénn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tienzvea
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tiêng¹ zên²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thieng tséⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sẽ⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹thi-cin
  - MiniDict: thi^平 cin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹thi-jin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

Noun edit

天井

courtyard; patio
atrium

Synonyms edit

(courtyard):

中庭 (zhōngtíng)
丹墀 (dan¹ zhr²) (Xiang)
埕斗 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
庭院 (tíngyuàn)
深井 (Hokkien)
院 (yuàn)
院子 (yuànzi) (colloquial)
院落 (yuànluò)

Proper noun edit

天井

(～村) Tianjing (a village in Sanhe, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
天	井
てん Grade: 1	しょう > じょう Grade: 4
on’yomi

天井 (tenjō): a ceiling.

Etymology edit

*/tenzjau/ → /tenʑjɔː/ → /tend͡ʑoː/

From Old Japanese,^[1] in turn from Middle Chinese 天井 (MC then tsjengX). First cited in Old Japanese to a work from 759.^[1]

The word is literally spelled 天 (“heaven, sky”) + 井 (“well, wellhead”), in reference to the way that ceiling beams were arranged in the shape of a wellhead. See also Ancient_Chinese_wooden_architecture on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) てんじょー [tèńjóó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [tẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ː]

Noun edit

天(てん)井(じょう) • (tenjō) ^{←てんじやう (tenzyau)^?}

[from 759] ceiling
[from 1400s] the highest place inside an object
[from 1814] (by extension) the top price of something

Antonyms edit

床(ゆか) (yuka, “floor”)

Coordinate terms edit

壁(かべ) (kabe, “wall”)

Derived terms edit

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “天井”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJc-1] 1.0 ^1.1 “天井”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-4] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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