Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/túh₂
Proto-Indo-European edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
*túh₂
Inflection edit
Andrew Sihler's reconstruction[1] | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | *tī̆ (tū̆) | *yuh₁ (?yūh₁) | *yūs (?yuHs) |
accusative | *t-wé ~ *te | *uh₁-wé ~ *wō̆h₁ | *usmé ~ *wō̆s |
genitive | *té-we ~ *tos (adj.) | ? | *usóm ~ *wō̆s |
ablative | *tw-ét | ? | *usm-ét |
dative | *tébʰi ~ *tey, *toy | ? | *usm-éy ~ *wō̆s |
Donald Ringe's reconstruction[2] | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | *túh₂ | *yú | *yū́ |
accusative | *twé ~ *te | *uh₃wé ~ *woh₃ | *uswé ~ *wos |
genitive | *téwe ~ *toy | ? | ? ~ *wos |
dative | *tébʰye ~ *toy | ? | ? ~ *wos |
Alwin Kloekhorst's reconstruction[3] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Proto-Nuclear-Indo-European | singular | plural | |
nominative | *tuH | *yuH | |
accusative | *twe(ge) ~ *twē (?) | *us ~ *wōs (?) | |
genitive | *tewe ~ *toi | ? | |
dative | *tebʰi ~ *toy | ? | |
oblique | *twe- | *us- ~ *wos | |
Outer-Anatolian IE | singular | plural | |
nominative | *tuH | *yuH | |
oblique | *tew-/*tu- | *us- | |
enclitic | *toy | *wos | |
Proto-Indo-European | singular | plural | |
nominative | *tíh₁ | ? | |
accusative | *tu- | ? | |
oblique | *tu- | ? |
Robert Beekes' reconstruction[4] | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *tuH | *yuH | |
accusative | *twé | *usmé ~ *wōs | |
genitive | *téwe ~ *toy | *yus(er)o- ~ *wos | |
ablative | *twed | *usmed | |
dative | *tébʰio ~ *toi | *usmey | |
locative | *tóy | *usmi | |
instrumental | *tóy | ? | |
poss. adj. | *twos | *usos |
Frederik Kortlandt's reconstruction[5] | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | *tu- | *yuh₁- | *yu- |
accusative | *twe | *uh₁e | *usme |
genitive | *tewe | *woh₁ | *wos |
ablative | *twed | ? | ? |
dative | *tubʰi | ? | ? |
locative | *toy | *uh₁i | *usmi |
Michiel de Vaan's reconstruction[6] | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *tí(H) | *yúH(s) | |
accusative | *twé | *wōs | |
genitive | *téwe ~ *toy | *wos/*wes | |
ablative | *twéd | ? | |
dative | *toy | ? | |
poss. adj. | *twos | *us-tero-s? |
Derived terms edit
- *tewos (from gen. *téwe)
Descendants edit
- Proto-Albanian: *tū (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Anatolian: *tī́ǵ (see there for further descendants)
- Armenian:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tūˀ, *tu (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *tū (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *þū (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *tú (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túH (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *tū (see there for further descendants)
- Tocharian:
Coordinate terms edit
References edit
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 57
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 111
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 233
- ^ Kortlandt, Frederik (2006) Balto-Slavic Personal Pronouns and Their Accentuation[1], Leiden University
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 631,691
Further reading edit
- Bičanová, Lenka, Blažek, Václav (2014) “Indo-European personal pronouns: limits of theirs internal reconstruction”, in Linguistica Brunensia, volume 62, number 1, page 29
- Oshiro, Terumasa (1988) “Some Luwian words of Indo-European origin”, in Orient, volume 24, page 50: “(8) your (1097)”
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