eistedd
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *exs-dī-sedeti, the root of which is from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“sit”).
Pronunciation edit
- (standard) IPA(key): /ˈei̯sdɛð/, [ˈei̯stɛð]
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɪsdɛ/, [ˈɪstɛ], /ˈɪsda/, [ˈɪsta]
- (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɪsdɛ/, [ˈɪstɛ], /ˈɪʃdɛ/, [ˈɪʃtɛ]
- Rhymes: -ei̯sdɛð
Verb edit
eistedd (first-person singular present eisteddaf)
- (transitive, intransitive) to sit
Conjugation edit
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | eisteddaf | eisteddi | eistedda | eisteddwn | eisteddwch | eisteddant | eisteddir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
eisteddwn | eisteddit | eisteddai | eisteddem | eisteddech | eisteddent | eisteddid | |
| preterite | eisteddais | eisteddaist | eisteddodd | eisteddasom | eisteddasoch | eisteddasant | eisteddwyd | |
| pluperfect | eisteddaswn | eisteddasit | eisteddasai | eisteddasem | eisteddasech | eisteddasent | eisteddasid, eisteddesid | |
| present subjunctive | eisteddwyf | eisteddych | eisteddo | eisteddom | eisteddoch | eisteddont | eistedder | |
| imperative | — | eistedda | eistedded | eisteddwn | eisteddwch | eisteddent | eistedder | |
| verbal noun | eistedd | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | eisteddedig | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | eistedda i, eisteddaf i | eisteddi di | eisteddith o/e/hi, eisteddiff e/hi | eisteddwn ni | eisteddwch chi | eisteddan nhw |
| conditional | eisteddwn i, eisteddswn i | eisteddet ti, eisteddset ti | eisteddai fo/fe/hi, eisteddsai fo/fe/hi | eistedden ni, eisteddsen ni | eisteddech chi, eisteddsech chi | eistedden nhw, eisteddsen nhw |
| preterite | eisteddais i, eisteddes i | eisteddaist ti, eisteddest ti | eisteddodd o/e/hi | eisteddon ni | eisteddoch chi | eisteddon nhw |
| imperative | — | eistedda | — | — | eisteddwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms edit
- eistedd i fyny (“to sit up”)
- eistedd i lawr (“to sit down”)
- eisteddfod
- eisteddle
Mutation edit
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| eistedd | unchanged | unchanged | heistedd |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “eistedd”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies