Wiktionary

mali

See also: Mali, Malí, malí, màli, mǎlì, māli, mą́łi, and mạ lị

English edit

WOTD – 3 July 2022

Etymology 1 edit

 
Malis (etymology 1) or gardeners shifting seedlings from nursery beds into polybags at the Aravali Biodiversity Park, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.

Borrowed from Hindi माली (mālī, “gardener”), from Sanskrit माली (mālī, “wreath-maker, garland-maker; florist; gardener”), मालिन् (mālin, “florist; gardener”), from माला (mālā, “wreath, garland; chaplet, crown”).[1][2]

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

mali (plural malis)

  2. (India, South Asia) A member of a caste in South Asia whose traditional occupation is gardening; hence, any South Asian gardener. [from mid 18th c.]
    • 1840, G. T. Frederic Speede, Indian Hand-book of Gardening; Containing Directions for the Management of the Kitchen and Flower Garden, etc. etc. in India: […], Calcutta: W. Thacker & Co. St. Andrew's Library, →OCLC, page 1:
      [H]ence the slow progress hitherto made in the cultivation of such produce of the garden as is generally held in estimation by the European portion of the community, left as it generally is, to the simple Hindoo mallee (or gardener,) it is not to be wondered at, that our bazars want what are deemed the more delicate articles of vegetable production for the table; […]
    • 1848, “Report of Exhibitions of Vegetables, Fruits, Flowers and Agricultural Produce, Held at Bhaugulpore, on 11th February and 25th May, 1848. (Communicated by Major [T. E. A.] Napleton, Honorary Secretary Branch Agri-Horticultural Society.)”, in Journal of the Agricultural & Horticultural Society of India, volumes VI, part II (Correspondence and Selections), number 3, Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, →OCLC, page 125:
      Prizes were awarded to ten other mallees for best samples of vegetables, fruits and flowers, and last though not least we have to note, that a prize of two rupees was awarded to the mallee of Robert Fulton, Esq., of Sultangunge, for a remarkably fine bunch of grapes, clearly showing that either the soil of Mr. Fulton's garden, the climate of Sultangunge, or the skill of that gentleman's gardener, are highly favorable to the growth, and bringing to maturity of this delicious fruit.
    • 1871 November 29, “Cachar: Further Correspondence on the Subject of the Looshai Raids and the Consequent Hostilities (in Continuation of Paper, No. 398, of 1871)”, in Accounts and Papers: […], volumes X (East India—continued), [London]: […] The House of Commons, […], published 28 May 1872, →OCLC, page 301:
      I sent down dhobies, sweepers, cooks, and mallees, last to dig trenches for burying the dead, when burning was not possible.
    • 1924 June 4, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, chapter XXII, in A Passage to India, London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC, part II (Caves), page 203:
      He found, as he expected, that the poor girl was crying. And, as always, an Indian close outside the window, a mali in this case, picking up sounds.
    • 1934 October, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Burmese Days, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, →OCLC; republished as chapter 2, in Burmese Days (ebook no. 0200051h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, November 2015:
      A nearly naked mali, watering-can in hand, was moving in the jungle of flowers like some large nectar-sucking bird.
    • 2008, Amitav Ghosh, chapter 5, in Sea of Poppies, London: John Murray, →ISBN, pages 91–92:
      The grounds of the estates were extensive enough to provide each mansion with a surrounding park, and these were, if anything, even more varied in design than the houses they enclosed – for the malis who tended the gardens, no less than the owners themselves, vied to outdo each other in the fancifulness of their plantings, creating here a little patch of topiary and there an avenue of trees, trimmed in the French fashion; […]
Alternative forms edit
Translations edit

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Xhosa imali, Zulu imali (“money”), both ultimately from Swahili mali (“riches, wealth; property”), from Arabic مَال (māl, “money; affluence, wealth; possessions, property”).[3] Some dictionaries[4] suggest an origin in English money instead, making no attempt to account for the distribution of the loanword nor the proposed shift from /n/ to /l/, both of which make this unlikely.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

mali (uncountable)

  1. (South Africa) Money, cash. [from mid 19th c.]
Translations edit
money, cash — see money

Etymology 3 edit

Borrowed from Latin malī, a plural form of malus (“adverse, unfavourable, unfortunate, unlucky; destructive, hurtful; bad, evil”) (probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“erroneous, false; bad, evil”)).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

mali

  1. plural of malus
    • c. 1997, ASTIN Bulletin, page 48:
      The existence of boni and mali for the different risks can be interpreted through the sign of estimated covariances.
    • 2000, Jean Pinquet, “Experience Rating through Heterogeneous Models”, in Georges Dionne, editor, Handbook of Insurance, Kluwer Academic Publishers, page 462:
      If the boni and mali do not depend on the frequency of claims, the average bonus-malus coefficient increases with the frequency.
    • 2014, Akmal Akramkhanov, Bernhard Tischbein, Usman Khalid Awan, “Effective management of soil salinity – revising leaching norms”, in John P. A. Lamers, Asia Khamzina, Inna Rudenko, Paul L. G. Vlek, editors, Restructuring Land Allocation, Water Use and Agricultural Value Chains: Technologies, Policies and Practices for the Lower Amudarya Region, V & R unipress, Bonn University Press, →ISBN, page 131:
      Akramkhanov et al. (2010) also suggested a system of boni and mali on taxes to support the implementation of measures to achieve both water saving and salinity control (Table 3.3.1).

References edit

  1. ^ Monier Williams (1872) “माऌ māla”, in A Sanskṛit–English Dictionary: […], Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 774, columns 2–3.
  2. ^ “mali, n.1”, in OED Online  ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020; “mali1, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
  3. ^ Baldi, Sergio (2020 November 30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  4. ^ For example, “mali, n.2”, in OED Online  ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, June 2021.

See also edit

Anagrams edit

Acehnese edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

mali

  1. draw; something that’s equal or in balance of each other.

Albanian edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

mali

  1. inflection of mal:
    1. definite nominative singular
    2. indefinite dative/ablative singular

Amis edit

Noun edit

mali

  1. ball

References edit

Bunun edit

Noun edit

mali

  1. ball

Dyirbal edit

Adjective edit

mali

  1. wonderful, fantastic

Dyula edit

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

mali

  1. hippopotamus

Finnish edit

Etymology edit

From Swedish malört.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈmɑli/, [ˈmɑ̝li]
  • Rhymes: -ɑli
  • Syllabification(key): ma‧li

Noun edit

mali

  1. wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)

Declension edit

Inflection of mali (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative mali malit
genitive malin malien
partitive malia maleja
illative maliin maleihin
singular plural
nominative mali malit
accusative nom. mali malit
gen. malin
genitive malin malien
partitive malia maleja
inessive malissa maleissa
elative malista maleista
illative maliin maleihin
adessive malilla maleilla
ablative malilta maleilta
allative malille maleille
essive malina maleina
translative maliksi maleiksi
abessive malitta maleitta
instructive — malein
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of mali (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative malini malini
accusative nom. malini malini
gen. malini
genitive malini malieni
partitive maliani malejani
inessive malissani maleissani
elative malistani maleistani
illative maliini maleihini
adessive malillani maleillani
ablative maliltani maleiltani
allative malilleni maleilleni
essive malinani maleinani
translative malikseni maleikseni
abessive malittani maleittani
instructive — —
comitative — maleineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative malisi malisi
accusative nom. malisi malisi
gen. malisi
genitive malisi maliesi
partitive maliasi malejasi
inessive malissasi maleissasi
elative malistasi maleistasi
illative maliisi maleihisi
adessive malillasi maleillasi
ablative maliltasi maleiltasi
allative malillesi maleillesi
essive malinasi maleinasi
translative maliksesi maleiksesi
abessive malittasi maleittasi
instructive — —
comitative — maleinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative malimme malimme
accusative nom. malimme malimme
gen. malimme
genitive malimme maliemme
partitive maliamme malejamme
inessive malissamme maleissamme
elative malistamme maleistamme
illative maliimme maleihimme
adessive malillamme maleillamme
ablative maliltamme maleiltamme
allative malillemme maleillemme
essive malinamme maleinamme
translative maliksemme maleiksemme
abessive malittamme maleittamme
instructive — —
comitative — maleinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative malinne malinne
accusative nom. malinne malinne
gen. malinne
genitive malinne malienne
partitive malianne malejanne
inessive malissanne maleissanne
elative malistanne maleistanne
illative maliinne maleihinne
adessive malillanne maleillanne
ablative maliltanne maleiltanne
allative malillenne maleillenne
essive malinanne maleinanne
translative maliksenne maleiksenne
abessive malittanne maleittanne
instructive — —
comitative — maleinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative malinsa malinsa
accusative nom. malinsa malinsa
gen. malinsa
genitive malinsa maliensa
partitive maliaan
maliansa 		malejaan
malejansa
inessive malissaan
malissansa 		maleissaan
maleissansa
elative malistaan
malistansa 		maleistaan
maleistansa
illative maliinsa maleihinsa
adessive malillaan
malillansa 		maleillaan
maleillansa
ablative maliltaan
maliltansa 		maleiltaan
maleiltansa
allative malilleen
malillensa 		maleilleen
maleillensa
essive malinaan
malinansa 		maleinaan
maleinansa
translative malikseen
maliksensa 		maleikseen
maleiksensa
abessive malittaan
malittansa 		maleittaan
maleittansa
instructive — —
comitative — maleineen
maleinensa

Synonyms edit

Further reading edit

Anagrams edit

French edit

Noun edit

mali m (uncountable)

  1. Mali (language)

References edit

Italian edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈma.li/
  • Rhymes: -ali
  • Hyphenation: mà‧li

Noun edit

mali m

  1. plural of male

Anagrams edit

Jingpho edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ləj (“four”). Cognate with Burmese လေး (le:), S'gaw Karen လွံၢ် (lwee̱), Nuosu ꇖ (ly), Tibetan བཞི (bzhi), Sikkimese ཞི (zhi).

Numeral edit

mali

  1. four

Kambera edit

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

mali

  1. tonight
  2. late afternoon

References edit

  • Marian Klamer (1998) A Grammar of Kambera, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 213

Kavalan edit

Noun edit

mali

  1. ball

Latin edit

Adjective edit

malī

  1. inflection of malus:
    1. nominative/vocative plural
    2. genitive singular

Noun edit

mālī

  1. inflection of mālus:
    1. nominative/vocative plural
    2. genitive singular

Latvian edit

Verb edit

mali

  1. second-person singular past indicative of malt

Lubuagan Kalinga edit

Noun edit

mali

  1. peanut

Norwegian Nynorsk edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /²mɑː.lɪ/, /²mɑː.ɽɪ/

Participle edit

mali

  1. (non-standard since 2012) feminine singular of malen
  2. (non-standard since 2012) neuter singular of malen

Verb edit

mali

  1. (non-standard since 2012) supine of mala

Anagrams edit

Polish edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

mali

  1. virile nominative/vocative plural of mały

Sakizaya edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ma.ˈli/, [ma.ˈli]

Noun edit

mali

  1. ball

Sardinian edit

Etymology edit

From Latin male. Compare Italian male.

Adverb edit

mali

  1. (Campidanese) badly

Serbo-Croatian edit

Adjective edit

mali

  1. inflection of mal:
    1. masculine nominative/vocative plural
    2. definite masculine nominative/vocative singular
    3. definite inanimate masculine accusative singular

Sicilian edit

Etymology edit

From Latin malus. Compare Italian mali, male.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈma.li/
  • Hyphenation: mà‧li

Adjective edit

mali m pl or f pl

  1. masculine plural of malu; bad.
  2. feminine plural of malu

Inflection edit

Masculine Feminine
Singular malu mala
Plural mali mali

Noun edit

mali m (plural mali)

  1. evil, harm

Slovak edit

Pronunciation edit

Participle edit

mali

  1. plural l-participle of mať

Swahili edit

 
Swahili Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sw

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Arabic مَال (māl, “property”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

mali (ma class, plural only)

  1. wealth, riches
  2. property

Usage notes edit

This word is morphologically plural but semantically singular. If a plural sense is required, it may be put in the n class.

Descendants edit

  • → Ila: madi
  • → Northern Ndebele: imali
  • → Rwanda-Rundi: imari
  • → Shona: mari
  • → Tswana: madi
  • → Xhosa: imali
  • → Zulu: imali

Tagalog edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

malî (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒ)

  1. wrong
    Synonym: lihis
    Antonyms: tama, wasto
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Compare Malay mali (“Leea indica”) and Malay mali-mali (“Leea angulata”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

mali (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒ) (botany)

  1. bandicoot berry (Leea indica)

Anagrams edit

Turkish edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Ottoman Turkish مالی (mali), from Arabic مَالِيّ (māliyy).

Adjective edit

mali

  1. financial, fiscal

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

References edit

Woiwurrung edit

Noun edit

mali

  1. mallee
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