ár
Faroese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse ár (“year”), from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁r-. Cognates include: Dutch jaar and Afrikaans jaar, English year, German Jahr, Danish år, Norwegian Bokmål år and Swedish år.
Noun edit
ár n (genitive singular árs, plural ár)
Declension edit
Declension of ár | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n3 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | ár | árið | ár | árini |
accusative | ár | árið | ár | árini |
dative | ári | árinum | árum | árunum |
genitive | árs | ársins | ára | áranna |
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *airō. Cognates include: Old English ār (“oar”) (English oar).
Noun edit
ár f (genitive singular árar, plural árar)
Declension edit
f6 | Singular | Plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | ár | árin | árar | árarnar |
Accusative | ár | árina | árar | árarnar |
Dative | ár | árini | árum | árunum |
Genitive | árar | árarinnar | ára | áranna |
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finno-Ugric *arwa (“price, value”). Related to Proto-Finnic *arvo (“worth, value”)[1] and possibly Erzya [script needed] (arśems).
Noun edit
ár (plural árak)
- price
- borsos ár ― an exorbitant price
- borsos ára van ― cost a pretty penny, cost an arm and a leg
- (figuratively) cost (a negative consequence or loss that occurs or is required to occur)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ár | árak |
accusative | árat | árakat |
dative | árnak | áraknak |
instrumental | árral | árakkal |
causal-final | árért | árakért |
translative | árrá | árakká |
terminative | árig | árakig |
essive-formal | árként | árakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | árban | árakban |
superessive | áron | árakon |
adessive | árnál | áraknál |
illative | árba | árakba |
sublative | árra | árakra |
allative | árhoz | árakhoz |
elative | árból | árakból |
delative | árról | árakról |
ablative | ártól | áraktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
áré | áraké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
áréi | árakéi |
Possessive forms of ár | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | áram | áraim |
2nd person sing. | árad | áraid |
3rd person sing. | ára | árai |
1st person plural | árunk | áraink |
2nd person plural | áratok | áraitok |
3rd person plural | áruk | áraik |
Derived terms edit
- árajánlat
- áralakulás
- árarány
- árbecslés
- árbevétel
- árcédula
- árcsökkenés, árcsökkentés
- árdrágítás, árdrágító
- árelemzés
- árellenőrzés
- áremelés, áremelkedés
- árengedmény
- áresés
- árérzékeny
- árfekvés
- árfelhajtás
- árfolyam
- árforma
- árhatóság
- árhivatal
- árindex
- árjegyzék
- árjelzés
- árkedvezmény
- árképzés
- árkülönbözet
- árlap
- árlejtés
- árleszállítás
- ármegállapítás
- ármegjelölés
- ármerevség
- árolló
- árpolitika
- árrendszer
- árrés
- árrobbanás
- árrögzítés
- ársapka
- árszabás
- árszámítás
- árszint
- árszínvonal
- ártámogatás
- árverés, árverez
- árvetés
- árviszonyok (plural)
- árzuhanás
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Ugric *ϑarɜ (“temporary lake coming into being during flood”).[2]
Noun edit
ár (usually uncountable, plural árak)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ár | árak |
accusative | árt | árakat |
dative | árnak | áraknak |
instrumental | árral | árakkal |
causal-final | árért | árakért |
translative | árrá | árakká |
terminative | árig | árakig |
essive-formal | árként | árakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | árban | árakban |
superessive | áron | árakon |
adessive | árnál | áraknál |
illative | árba | árakba |
sublative | árra | árakra |
allative | árhoz | árakhoz |
elative | árból | árakból |
delative | árról | árakról |
ablative | ártól | áraktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
áré | áraké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
áréi | árakéi |
Possessive forms of ár | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | áram | árjaim |
2nd person sing. | árad | árjaid |
3rd person sing. | árja | árjai |
1st person plural | árunk | árjaink |
2nd person plural | áratok | árjaitok |
3rd person plural | árjuk | árjaik |
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
From the Proto-Finno-Ugric *ora (“awl”).[3]
Noun edit
ár (plural árak)
- awl (pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or wood)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ár | árak |
accusative | árt | árakat |
dative | árnak | áraknak |
instrumental | árral | árakkal |
causal-final | árért | árakért |
translative | árrá | árakká |
terminative | árig | árakig |
essive-formal | árként | árakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | árban | árakban |
superessive | áron | árakon |
adessive | árnál | áraknál |
illative | árba | árakba |
sublative | árra | árakra |
allative | árhoz | árakhoz |
elative | árból | árakból |
delative | árról | árakról |
ablative | ártól | áraktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
áré | áraké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
áréi | árakéi |
Possessive forms of ár | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | áram | árjaim |
2nd person sing. | árad | árjaid |
3rd person sing. | árja | árjai |
1st person plural | árunk | árjaink |
2nd person plural | áratok | árjaitok |
3rd person plural | árjuk | árjaik |
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
From German Ar (“are”) and French are (“are”), from Latin ārea (“threshing floor”).[4]
Noun edit
ár (plural árak)
- are (accepted SI unit of area equal to 100 square metres)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ár | árak |
accusative | árt | árakat |
dative | árnak | áraknak |
instrumental | árral | árakkal |
causal-final | árért | árakért |
translative | árrá | árakká |
terminative | árig | árakig |
essive-formal | árként | árakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | árban | árakban |
superessive | áron | árakon |
adessive | árnál | áraknál |
illative | árba | árakba |
sublative | árra | árakra |
allative | árhoz | árakhoz |
elative | árból | árakból |
delative | árról | árakról |
ablative | ártól | áraktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
áré | áraké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
áréi | árakéi |
Possessive forms of ár | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | áram | árjaim |
2nd person sing. | árad | árjaid |
3rd person sing. | árja | árjai |
1st person plural | árunk | árjaink |
2nd person plural | áratok | árjaitok |
3rd person plural | árjuk | árjaik |
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Entry #26 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ Entry #1747 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ Entry #676 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ ár in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading edit
- ár in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
- (price): ár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (flood/flow): ár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (awl): ár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (are [unit of area]): ár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Anagrams edit
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *airi. Cognates include: Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂 (air, “early”), Old English ār and ærlice (English early).[1]
Adverb edit
ár
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse ár (“year”), from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁r-. Cognates include: Dutch jaar and Afrikaans jaar, English year, German Jahr, Danish år, Norwegian Bokmål år and Swedish år.
Noun edit
ár n (genitive singular árs, nominative plural ár)
- year
- indefinite accusative singular of ár
- indefinite nominative plural of ár
- indefinite accusative plural of ár
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *airō. Cognates include: Old English ār (“oar”) (English oar).[1]
Noun edit
ár f (genitive singular árar, nominative plural árar)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- árabátur
- árinni kennir illur ræðari
- koma ár sinni vel fyrir borð (“to do well for oneself”)
- leggja árar í bát (“to give up”)
- róa öllum árum að (“to employ all available means towards getting something done”)
- taka djúpt í árinni (“to express oneself forcefully”)
Etymology 4 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
ár f
- inflection of á (“river”):
References edit
Irish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Irish ar, from Proto-Celtic *anserom, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥serōm, from *nos (“we, us”); compare German unser.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
ár (triggers eclipsis)
- our
- ár dteach ― our house
- Ár nAthair ― Our Father
See also edit
Number | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive (emphatic) |
Disjunctive (emphatic) |
Possessive determiner |
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | mé (mise) |
mo L m' before vowel sounds | |
Second | tú (tusa)1 |
thú (thusa) |
do L d' before vowel sounds | |
Third masculine | sé (seisean) |
é (eisean) |
a L | |
Third feminine | sí (sise) |
í (ise) |
a H | |
Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
Plural | First | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) |
ár E | |
Second | sibh (sibhse)1 |
bhur E | ||
Third | siad (siadsan) |
iad (iadsan) |
a E |
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Irish ár (“slaughter”), from Proto-Celtic *agros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵro- (“hunt”); compare Ancient Greek ἄγρα (ágra, “hunt”).[4]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ár m (genitive singular áir)
Declension edit
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article:
|
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Borrowed from French are, from Latin area.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ár m (genitive singular áir, nominative plural áir)
- are (unit of area equal to 100 square metres)
Declension edit
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
ár | n-ár | hár | t-ár |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “5 ar (‘our’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 16
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 86
- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ár (‘slaughter’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ár”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “ar (‘our’)”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 36
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “ár (‘slaughter’)”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 36
Mizo edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔaar. Cognates include Khumi Chin ae and Zou ah.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ár
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *agrom (“slaughter”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵro- (“hunt”); compare Ancient Greek ἄγρᾱ (ágrā, “hunt”), Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬭𐬋𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬍 (azrōdaiδī, “hunt”).
Noun edit
ár n (nominative plural ár or ára)
- slaughter, carnage
- defeat, destruction
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 33d4
- du ár
- glosses ad cedem
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 113b4
- etarcnae áir mo namat
- glosses de cede hostium
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 33d4
Inflection edit
Neuter o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | árN | árN | árL, ára |
Vocative | árN | árN | árL, ára |
Accusative | árN | árN | árL, ára |
Genitive | áirL | ár | árN |
Dative | árL | áraib, áirib | áraib, áirib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ár | unchanged | n-ár |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ár”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Norse edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Norse *ᛃᚨᚱᚨ (*jara, “year; plenty”), from Proto-Germanic *jērą (“year; plenty”). Cognate with Old English ġēar (English year), Old Frisian jār, Old Saxon jār, Old Dutch jār, Old High German jār, Gothic 𐌾𐌴𐍂 (jēr).
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁r- (“year”).
Noun edit
ár n (genitive árs, plural ár)
- a year
- plenty, abundance (especially of crops)
- Saga Sigurðar Jórsalafara 53, in 1832, R. Rask, Fornmanna sögur, Volume VII. Copenhagen, page 174:
- […] þvíat þá var bæði ár og friðr.
- […] since then there were both plenty and peace.
- (Runic alphabet) name of the a-rune (ᛅ)
- Saga Sigurðar Jórsalafara 53, in 1832, R. Rask, Fornmanna sögur, Volume VII. Copenhagen, page 174:
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- árangr (“season”)
- áratal (“number of years”)
- áratala (“calculation of years”)
- árbót (“bettereing of the season of produce”)
- árbýll (“dwelling in abundance”)
- árferð (“season”)
- árgallalauss (“fertile”)
- árgalli (“failure of crop”)
- árgangr (“year's course”)
- árguð (“Frey”)
- árlangt, árlengis (“for a year”)
- árliga (“yearly”)
- árligr (“annual, early”)
- ármaðr (“steward”)
- ármenning (“stewardship”)
- ársamr (“fertile”)
- árskyld (“yearly rent”)
- ársæli (“fact of having good seasons”)
- ársæll (“happy in having good seasons”)
- ártal (“reckoning by years”)
- ártekja (“yearly rent”)
- árvíð (“anniversary of man's death”)
- árvænligr, árvænn (“promising a good season”)
- ár ok friðr (“plenty and peace”)
Descendants edit
- Icelandic: ár
- Faroese: ár
- Norwegian Nynorsk: år
- Russenorsk: aart
- Elfdalian: år
- Old Swedish: ār
- Old Danish: aar
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Germanic *airi (“early”). Cognate with Old English ār, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂 (air).
Adverb edit
ár (not comparable)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Icelandic: ár, áður (áður may be from *airiz)
- Faroese: áður
- Norwegian Nynorsk: år
- Old Swedish: *ar
- ⇒ Old Norse: árla
References edit
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”). Cognate with Old English ār.
Noun edit
ár f (genitive árar, plural árar)
Declension edit
Descendants edit
- Icelandic: ár
- Faroese: ár
- Norwegian:
- Old Swedish: ār, āra
- Swedish: åra
- Danish: åre
- → Kildin Sami: а̄ррьй (ārr’j)[1]
Etymology 4 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
ár
References edit
- ár in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
- ár in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.
- ^ Kildin Sami vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- Faroese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Faroese/ɔaːɹ
- Rhymes:Faroese/ɔaːɹ/1 syllable
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Faroese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *yeh₁r-
- Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Old Norse
- Faroese terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese nouns
- Faroese neuter nouns
- Faroese feminine nouns
- fo:Nautical
- fo:Time
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Hungarian/aːr
- Rhymes:Hungarian/aːr/1 syllable
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian nouns
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Ugric
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- hu:Water
- hu:Climatology
- Hungarian two-letter words
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- Hungarian terms with multiple noun etymologies
- Icelandic 1-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/auːr
- Rhymes:Icelandic/auːr/1 syllable
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic adverbs
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Icelandic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *yeh₁r-
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- Icelandic nouns
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- Icelandic non-lemma forms
- Icelandic noun forms
- is:Time
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
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- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
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- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
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- Mizo terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mizo lemmas
- Mizo nouns
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eǵ-
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
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- Old Irish lemmas
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- Old Norse terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Norse
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Norse
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- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse lemmas
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- Old Norse non-lemma forms
- Old Norse noun forms
- non:Nautical
- non:Time