сом

See also: Appendix:Variations of "som"

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *somъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈsɔm]

Noun

сом • (som) m

sheatfish (Silurus glanis)

Declension

Declension of сом

	singular	plural
indefinite	сом som	со́мове sómove
definite (subject form)	со́мът sómǎt	со́мовете sómovete
definite (object form)	со́ма sóma	со́мовете sómovete
count form	—	со́ма sóma
vocative form	со́ме sóme	со́мове sómove

Ingush

Etymology

Akin to Chechen стом (stom).

Noun

сом • (som)

fruit

Kazakh

Alternative scripts
Arabic	سوم
Cyrillic	сом
Latin	som

Etymology

As a unit of currency, the Turkic root *som literally means pure, implying pure gold.

Adjective

сом • (som)

solid, dense
pure

Noun

сом • (som)

som (national unit of currency in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan)
(historical) ruble (under the USSR)

Kyrgyz

Etymology

As a unit of currency, the Turkic root *som literally means pure, implying pure gold.

Noun

сом • (som) (Arabic spelling سوم)

som (national unit of currency in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan)
(historical) ruble (under the USSR)

Declension

Declension of сом

	singular (жекелик)	plural (көптөгөн)
nominative (атооч)	сом som	сомдор somdor
genitive (илик)	сомдун somdun	сомдордун somdordun
dative (барыш)	сомго somgo	сомдорго somdorgo
accusative (табыш)	сомду somdu	сомдорду somdordu
locative (жатыш)	сомдо somdo	сомдордо somdordo
ablative (чыгыш)	сомдон somdon	сомдордон somdordon
	possessive forms
	first-person singular (менин)
nominative	сомум somum	сомдорум somdorum
genitive	сомумдун somumdun	сомдорумдун somdorumdun
dative	сомума somuma	сомдорума somdoruma
accusative	сомумду somumdu	сомдорумду somdorumdu
locative	сомумда somumda	сомдорумда somdorumda
ablative	сомумдан somumdan	сомдорумдан somdorumdan
	second-person singular informal (сенин)
nominative	сомуң somuŋ	сомдоруң somdoruŋ
genitive	сомуңдун somuŋdun	сомдоруңдун somdoruŋdun
dative	сомуңа somuŋa	сомдоруңа somdoruŋa
accusative	сомуңду somuŋdu	сомдоруңду somdoruŋdu
locative	сомуңда somuŋda	сомдоруңда somdoruŋda
ablative	сомуңдан somuŋdan	сомдоруңдан somdoruŋdan
	second-person singular formal (сиздин)
nominative	сомуңуз somuŋuz	сомдоруңуз somdoruŋuz
genitive	сомуңуздун somuŋuzdun	сомдоруңуздун somdoruŋuzdun
dative	сомуңузга somuŋuzga	сомдоруңузга somdoruŋuzga
accusative	сомуңузду somuŋuzdu	сомдоруңузду somdoruŋuzdu
locative	сомуңузда somuŋuzda	сомдоруңузда somdoruŋuzda
ablative	сомуңуздан somuŋuzdan	сомдоруңуздан somdoruŋuzdan

Adjective

сом • (som) (comparative [please provide], superlative [please provide], Arabic spelling سوم)

pure

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *somъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sɔm]
Audio: (file)

Noun

сом • (som) m (diminutive сомче)

catfish

Declension

Declension of сом

	singular	plural
indefinite	сом	сомови
definite unspecified	сомот	сомовите
definite proximal	сомов	сомовиве
definite distal	сомон	сомовине
vocative	сому	сомови
count form	—	сома

Derived terms

сомиште n (somište)

Mongolian

Mongolian	Cyrillic
ᠰᠣᠮ (som)	сом (som)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsɔm/
Syllabification: сом (1 syllable)

Noun

сом • (som)

(dialectal) wooden fermentation bucket

Declension

Declension of сом (о-harmonic regular ууд-pl)

	singular / indefinite	definite plural
attributive	сом som
nominative	сом som	сомууд somuud
genitive	сомын somyn	сомуудын somuudyn
accusative	сомыг somyg	сомуудыг somuudyg
dative-locative	сомд somd	сомуудад somuudad
ablative	сомоос somoos	сомуудаас somuudaas
instrumental	сомоор somoor	сомуудаар somuudaar
comitative	сомтой somtoj	сомуудтай somuudtaj
privative	сомгүй somgüj	сомуудгүй somuudgüj
directive	сом руу som ruu	сомууд руу somuud ruu

Reflexive possessive forms

	singular / indefinite	definite plural
nominative	сомоо somoo	сомуудаа somuudaa
genitive	сомынхоо somynxoo	сомуудынхаа somuudynxaa
accusative	сомыгоо somygoo	сомуудыгаа somuudygaa
dative-locative	сомдоо somdoo	сомууддаа somuuddaa
ablative	сомоосоо somoosoo	сомуудаасаа somuudaasaa
instrumental	сомоороо somooroo	сомуудаараа somuudaaraa
comitative	сомтойгоо somtojgoo	сомуудтайгаа somuudtajgaa
privative	сомгүйгээ somgüjgee	сомуудгүйгээ somuudgüjgee
directive	сом руугаа som ruugaa	сомууд руугаа somuud ruugaa

independent genitive	singular / indefinite	definite plural
singular possession	сомынх somynx	сомуудынх somuudynx
collective possession	сомынхон somynxon	сомуудынхан somuudynxan

Russian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [som]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *somъ.

Noun

сом • (som) m anim (genitive сома́, nominative plural сомы́, genitive plural сомо́в)

catfish, sheatfish

Declension

Declension of сом (anim masc-form hard-stem accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	со́м sóm	сомы́ somý
genitive	сома́ somá	сомо́в somóv
dative	сому́ somú	сома́м somám
accusative	сома́ somá	сомо́в somóv
instrumental	сомо́м somóm	сома́ми somámi
prepositional	соме́ somé	сома́х somáx

Related terms

сомообра́зные pl (somoobráznyje)
- со́мовые pl (sómovyje)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Kyrgyz сом (som), Uzbek сўм (soʻm)/soʻm.

Noun

сом • (som) m inan (genitive со́ма, nominative plural со́мы, genitive plural со́мов)

(numismatics) som, so'm

Declension

Declension of сом (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	со́м sóm	со́мы sómy
genitive	со́ма sóma	со́мов sómov
dative	со́му sómu	со́мам sómam
accusative	со́м sóm	со́мы sómy
instrumental	со́мом sómom	со́мами sómami
prepositional	со́ме sóme	со́мах sómax

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sôm/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *somъ.

Noun

со̏м m (Latin spelling sȍm)

catfish

Declension

Declension of сом

	singular	plural
nominative	со̏м	со̀мови
genitive	сома	сомова
dative	сому	сомовима
accusative	сома	сомове
vocative	соме	сомови
locative	сому	сомовима
instrumental	сомом	сомовима

Etymology 2

The origins of this term are unclear. Possibly because som (catfish) is a big fish. Others believe it is due to the 1000 dinar banknotes of 1955, on which the person depicted appears to have two fish eyes (instead of welding goggles) on his head.

Noun

со̏м m (Latin spelling sȍm)

(colloquial) grand (a thousand of something, especially but not only money)

Southern Altai

Etymology

As a unit of currency, the Turkic root *som literally means pure, implying pure gold.

Noun

сом • (som)

statue, contour, form

Adjective

сом • (som)

unbroken, hard

References

V. verbickij, editor (1884), “сом”, in Slovarʹ Altajskago i Aladagskago narečij tjurkskago jazyka [Altaian and Aladagian language Dictionary], Kazan', →ISBN, page 305
N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947), “сом”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN
Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1893–1911) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects] (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, columns 562, 563

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sɔm]
Audio: (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *somъ.

Noun

сом • (som) m animal (genitive со́ма, nominative plural со́ми, genitive plural со́мів)

catfish

Declension

Declension of сом (animal hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	сом som	со́ми sómy
genitive	со́ма sóma	со́мів sómiv
dative	со́мові, со́му sómovi, sómu	со́мам sómam
accusative	со́ма sóma	со́ми, со́мів sómy, sómiv
instrumental	со́мом sómom	со́мами sómamy
locative	со́мові, со́мі sómovi, sómi	со́мах sómax
vocative	со́ме sóme	со́ми sómy

Etymology 2

Noun

сом • (som) m inan (genitive со́ма, nominative plural со́ми, genitive plural со́мів)

som (currency)

Declension

Declension of сом (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	сом som	со́ми sómy
genitive	со́ма sóma	со́мів sómiv
dative	со́мові, со́му sómovi, sómu	со́мам sómam
accusative	сом som	со́ми sómy
instrumental	со́мом sómom	со́мами sómamy
locative	со́мі sómi	со́мах sómax
vocative	со́ме sóme	со́ми sómy

References

Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “сом”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
“сом”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
“сом”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
“сом”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)