حساب

See also: خشاب

Arabic

Root
ح س ب (ḥ-s-b)

Etymology 1

Verbal noun of حَسَبَ (ḥasaba) and حَاسَبَ (ḥāsaba).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħi.saːb/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

حِسَاب • (ḥisāb) m (plural حِسَابَات (ḥisābāt) or أَحْسِبَة (ʔaḥsiba))

1. verbal noun of حَسَبَ (ḥasaba) (form I)
2. verbal noun of حَاسَبَ (ḥāsaba) (form III)
3. account
4. calculation
5. arithmetic
6. bill (invoice in a restaurant, etc.)

Declension

Declension of noun حِسَاب (ḥisāb)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِسَاب ḥisāb	الْحِسَاب al-ḥisāb	حِسَاب ḥisāb
Nominative	حِسَابٌ ḥisābun	الْحِسَابُ al-ḥisābu	حِسَابُ ḥisābu
Accusative	حِسَابًا ḥisāban	الْحِسَابَ al-ḥisāba	حِسَابَ ḥisāba
Genitive	حِسَابٍ ḥisābin	الْحِسَابِ al-ḥisābi	حِسَابِ ḥisābi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِسَابَيْن ḥisābayn	الْحِسَابَيْن al-ḥisābayn	حِسَابَيْ ḥisābay
Nominative	حِسَابَانِ ḥisābāni	الْحِسَابَانِ al-ḥisābāni	حِسَابَا ḥisābā
Accusative	حِسَابَيْنِ ḥisābayni	الْحِسَابَيْنِ al-ḥisābayni	حِسَابَيْ ḥisābay
Genitive	حِسَابَيْنِ ḥisābayni	الْحِسَابَيْنِ al-ḥisābayni	حِسَابَيْ ḥisābay
Plural	sound feminine plural‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِسَابَات‎; أَحْسِبَة ḥisābāt‎; ʔaḥsiba	الْحِسَابَات‎; الْأَحْسِبَة al-ḥisābāt‎; al-ʔaḥsiba	حِسَابَات‎; أَحْسِبَة ḥisābāt‎; ʔaḥsibat
Nominative	حِسَابَاتٌ‎; أَحْسِبَةٌ ḥisābātun‎; ʔaḥsibatun	الْحِسَابَاتُ‎; الْأَحْسِبَةُ al-ḥisābātu‎; al-ʔaḥsibatu	حِسَابَاتُ‎; أَحْسِبَةُ ḥisābātu‎; ʔaḥsibatu
Accusative	حِسَابَاتٍ‎; أَحْسِبَةً ḥisābātin‎; ʔaḥsibatan	الْحِسَابَاتِ‎; الْأَحْسِبَةَ al-ḥisābāti‎; al-ʔaḥsibata	حِسَابَاتِ‎; أَحْسِبَةَ ḥisābāti‎; ʔaḥsibata
Genitive	حِسَابَاتٍ‎; أَحْسِبَةٍ ḥisābātin‎; ʔaḥsibatin	الْحِسَابَاتِ‎; الْأَحْسِبَةِ al-ḥisābāti‎; al-ʔaḥsibati	حِسَابَاتِ‎; أَحْسِبَةِ ḥisābāti‎; ʔaḥsibati

Derived terms

• يَوْمُ ٱلْحِسَابِ (yawmu l-ḥisābi)

Descendants

• Maltese: ħsieb
• → Azerbaijani: hesab
• → Bashkir: иҫәп (iśəp), хисап (xisap)
• → Kazakh: есеп (esep)
• → Kyrgyz: эсеп (esep)
• → Persian: حساب
• → Ottoman Turkish: حساب
  • → Turkish: hesap
• → Tatar: исәп (isäp)
• → Swahili: hesabu
• → Turkmen: hasap
• → Uzbek: hisob

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حساب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 2

Occupational noun from حَسَبَ (ḥasaba, “to calculate”).

Noun

حَسَّاب • (ḥassāb) m (plural حَسَّابُونَ (ḥassābūna), feminine حَسَّابَة (ḥassāba))

1. accountant
2. calculator (person who calculates)
3. arithmetician

Declension

Declension of noun حَسَّاب (ḥassāb)

Singular	Masculine			Feminine
	basic singular triptote			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَسَّاب ḥassāb	الْحَسَّاب al-ḥassāb	حَسَّاب ḥassāb	حَسَّابَة ḥassāba	الْحَسَّابَة al-ḥassāba	حَسَّابَة ḥassābat
Nominative	حَسَّابٌ ḥassābun	الْحَسَّابُ al-ḥassābu	حَسَّابُ ḥassābu	حَسَّابَةٌ ḥassābatun	الْحَسَّابَةُ al-ḥassābatu	حَسَّابَةُ ḥassābatu
Accusative	حَسَّابًا ḥassāban	الْحَسَّابَ al-ḥassāba	حَسَّابَ ḥassāba	حَسَّابَةً ḥassābatan	الْحَسَّابَةَ al-ḥassābata	حَسَّابَةَ ḥassābata
Genitive	حَسَّابٍ ḥassābin	الْحَسَّابِ al-ḥassābi	حَسَّابِ ḥassābi	حَسَّابَةٍ ḥassābatin	الْحَسَّابَةِ al-ḥassābati	حَسَّابَةِ ḥassābati
Dual	Masculine			Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَسَّابَيْن ḥassābayn	الْحَسَّابَيْن al-ḥassābayn	حَسَّابَيْ ḥassābay	حَسَّابَتَيْن ḥassābatayn	الْحَسَّابَتَيْن al-ḥassābatayn	حَسَّابَتَيْ ḥassābatay
Nominative	حَسَّابَانِ ḥassābāni	الْحَسَّابَانِ al-ḥassābāni	حَسَّابَا ḥassābā	حَسَّابَتَانِ ḥassābatāni	الْحَسَّابَتَانِ al-ḥassābatāni	حَسَّابَتَا ḥassābatā
Accusative	حَسَّابَيْنِ ḥassābayni	الْحَسَّابَيْنِ al-ḥassābayni	حَسَّابَيْ ḥassābay	حَسَّابَتَيْنِ ḥassābatayni	الْحَسَّابَتَيْنِ al-ḥassābatayni	حَسَّابَتَيْ ḥassābatay
Genitive	حَسَّابَيْنِ ḥassābayni	الْحَسَّابَيْنِ al-ḥassābayni	حَسَّابَيْ ḥassābay	حَسَّابَتَيْنِ ḥassābatayni	الْحَسَّابَتَيْنِ al-ḥassābatayni	حَسَّابَتَيْ ḥassābatay
Plural	Masculine			Feminine
	sound masculine plural			sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَسَّابِين ḥassābīn	الْحَسَّابِين al-ḥassābīn	حَسَّابِي ḥassābī	حَسَّابَات ḥassābāt	الْحَسَّابَات al-ḥassābāt	حَسَّابَات ḥassābāt
Nominative	حَسَّابُونَ ḥassābūna	الْحَسَّابُونَ al-ḥassābūna	حَسَّابُو ḥassābū	حَسَّابَاتٌ ḥassābātun	الْحَسَّابَاتُ al-ḥassābātu	حَسَّابَاتُ ḥassābātu
Accusative	حَسَّابِينَ ḥassābīna	الْحَسَّابِينَ al-ḥassābīna	حَسَّابِي ḥassābī	حَسَّابَاتٍ ḥassābātin	الْحَسَّابَاتِ al-ḥassābāti	حَسَّابَاتِ ḥassābāti
Genitive	حَسَّابِينَ ḥassābīna	الْحَسَّابِينَ al-ḥassābīna	حَسَّابِي ḥassābī	حَسَّابَاتٍ ḥassābātin	الْحَسَّابَاتِ al-ḥassābāti	حَسَّابَاتِ ḥassābāti

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حساب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 3

Noun

حُسَّاب • (ḥussāb) m pl

1. plural of حَاسِب (ḥāsib)

Etymology 4

Adjective

حُسَّاب • (ḥussāb) m pl

1. masculine plural of حَاسِب (ḥāsib)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حِسَاب (ḥisāb, “account, calculation”).

Noun

حساب • (hisab)

1. estimation, counting, calculation, reckoning, as to number or quantity

   Synonym: صان (san)

2. account, bill, a written or printed registry of pecuniary transactions
3. arithmetic, the mathematics of numbers under the four operations

Derived terms

• حسابجه (hisabca, “according to calculation”)
• حسابجی (hisabcı, “accountant”)
• حسابدان (hisabdan, “one who knows how to calculate”)
• حسابسز (hisabsız, “innumerable, incalculable”)
• حسابكار (hisabkar, “accountant”)
• حسابلاشمق (hisablaşmak, “to settle accounts together”)
• حسابلی (hisablı, “counted, calculated”)
• حسابی (hisabı, “pertaining to calculation”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: hesap
• → Armenian: հիսապ (hisap), հեսաբ (hesab), հիսաբ (hisab), հեսապ (hesap), խեսաբ (xesab), խեսապ (xesap), խիսաբ (xisab)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hesap”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1936
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “hisâb”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[3] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 444
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حساب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[4], Constantinople: Mihran, page 505
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Computum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[5], Vienna, column 225
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “حساب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[6], Vienna, column 1756
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “hesap”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حساب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[7], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 783

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حِسَاب (ḥisāb).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [hi.ˈsɑːβ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hɪ.sɑ́ːb]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hɪ.sɑ́ːb]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪ.sɑ́ːb]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔi.sɔ́ːb̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [he.sɒ́ːb̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [hi.sɔ́b]

Readings
Classical reading?	hisāḇ
Dari reading?	hisāb
Iranian reading?	hesâb
Tajik reading?	hisob

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	حساب
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҳисоб

حساب • (hesâb)

1. account
2. arithmetic

   Synonym: شمار (šomâr)

3. score

Related terms

• حسابدار (hesâbdâr)
• صورتحساب (surathesâb)

Descendants

• → Urdu: حِساب (hisāb)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian حساب (hisāb), from Arabic حِسَاب (ḥisāb). Compare Bengali হিসাব (hiśab), Assamese হিচাপ (hisap).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɦɪ.sɑːb/
• Rhymes: -ɑːb

Noun

حِساب • (hisāb) m (Hindi spelling हिसाब)

1. account
2. calculation; arithmetic
3. bill (a list of items needed to paid for)
4. viewpoint, perspective

Declension

Declension of حساب
	singular	plural
direct	حِساب (hisāb)	حِساب (hisāb)
oblique	حِساب (hisāb)	حِسابوں (hisābō̃)
vocative	حِساب (hisāb)	حِسابو (hisābō)

Derived terms

• حساب کتاب (hisāb kitāb, “account; accountability”)

References

• “حساب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “حساب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu حساب (hisāb).

Noun

حساب (hisāb)

1. calculation, about
2. account
3. viewpoint, perspective

Verb

حساب (hisāb)

1. to count, counting