Persian

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Etymology

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From Middle Persian [script needed] (OZLWN-tn' /⁠šudan⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺𐎶 (š(i)yav-, to set, go forth), from Proto-Indo-European *kyew- (to move, go). Cognates include Northern Kurdish çûn (to go), Ossetian цӕуын (cæwyn), Pashto شول (šwəl), Sanskrit च्यवते (cyávate, move to and fro, stir), Old Armenian չու (čʻu) and Ancient Greek σεύω (seúō, put in quick motion, drive). Note Old Armenian արշաւեմ (aršawem), ապաշաւ (apašaw), all borrowed from Iranian.

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? šuḏan
Dari reading? šudan
Iranian reading? šodan
Tajik reading? šudan

Verb

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Dari شدن
Iranian Persian
Tajik шудан

شُدَن (šodan) (present stem شُو (šav-))

  1. to become; used in a large number of intransitive compound verbs.
    آب شدنâb šodanto melt (literally, “to become water”)
    بیدار شدنbidâr šodanto wake up (literally, “to become awake”)
    او پادشاه شد.u pâdešâh šod.He became king.
  2. (in passive constructions) to be
    Antonym: کردن (kardan)
    ساخته شدsâxte šodit was built
  3. (in the third person singular) to be possible; can (in contexts of permission, etc., and not inner ability)
    اگر بشودagar bešavadif it's possible
    می‌شه منم برم؟ (colloquial Iranian)mi-še man-am beram?Can I go too?
    می‌شد رفت.mi-šod raft.It was possible to go.
    می‌شد او را ببینم.mi-šod u râ bebinam.I could see him.
  4. (archaic, poetic) to go, to come to
  5. (mathematics, informal) to equal; to make

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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References

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  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 40-2