主
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Translingual edit
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order (Japan) | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character edit
主 (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜土 (YG), four-corner 00104, composition ⿱丶王 or ⿱亠土)
Derived characters edit
- 住, 𠰍, 𡊲, 妵, 往, 拄, 注, 㹥, 迬, 柱, 炷, 𤖸, 砫, 紸 (𰬇), 蛀, 註, 䝬, 跓, 軴, 鉒 (𰽯), 䪒, 飳, 駐 (驻), 黈, 𪐴, 殶
- 𰀩, 𠣕, 𦭦, 宔, 疰, 罜, 䇠, 麈, 𮏼, 𮢔, 𮢉
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 80, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 100
- Dae Jaweon: page 163, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 44, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4E3B
Chinese edit
simp. and trad. |
主 | |
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alternative forms | 丶 宔 |
Glyph origin edit
Historical forms of the character 主 | ||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Pictogram (象形) : A picture of a lamp or a torch with a flame at the top.
Original form of 炷. Current meaning acquired by sound loan.
Etymology edit
Unclear. Compare Tibetan ཇོ་བོ (jo bo, “elder brother, nobleman, lord”), Tibetan ཇོ་མོ (jo mo, “mistress, lady, goddess”), Tibetan ཐུ། (thu, “chief”), Proto-Monic *(d)ndooʔ (“to teach, to instruct; headman”), and Thai โจก (jòok, “leader, chief”) (Schuessler, 2007)
Pronunciation 1 edit
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zu3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җў (žw, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): jy3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zu2
- Northern Min (KCR): cṳ̌
- Eastern Min (BUC): ciō / cṳ̄
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 5tsy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔ
- Wade–Giles: chu3
- Yale: jǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juu
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (主兒/主儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˇㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔr
- Wade–Giles: chu3-ʼrh
- Yale: jǔr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juul
- Palladius: чжур (čžur)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zu3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җў (žw, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zyu2
- Yale: jyú
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzy2
- Guangdong Romanization: ju2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡syː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: zi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jy3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chú
- Hakka Romanization System: zu`
- Hagfa Pinyim: zu3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡su³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zu2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡su⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cṳ̌
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sy²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ciō / cṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suo³³/, /t͡sy³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: jy3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: tsyuX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*toʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tjoʔ/
Definitions edit
主
- owner; master
- host
- (archaic, honorific) you (honorific second-person pronoun addressing a "senior official" [大夫] or his spouse)
- 季康子問于共父文伯之母曰:「主亦有以語肥也。」對曰:「吾能老而已,何以語子。」康子曰:「雖然,肥愿有聞于主。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
- Jì Kāngzǐ wèn yú Gōngfǔ Wénbó zhī mǔ yuē: “Zhǔ yì yǒu yǐ yù Féi yě.” Duìyuē: “Wú néng lǎo éryǐ, héyǐ yù zǐ.” Kāngzǐ yuē: “Suīrán, Féi yuàn yǒu wén yú zhǔ.” [Pinyin]
- Ji Kangzi (Fei) consulted the mother of Gongfu Wenbo: "Would you, madame, have something to instruct me?" "I am only good at growing old. What else can I tell you?" came her reply. "Nevertheless, I, Fei, do want to hear something from you," said Kangzi.
季康子问于共父文伯之母曰:「主亦有以语肥也。」对曰:「吾能老而已,何以语子。」康子曰:「虽然,肥愿有闻于主。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Christianity, Islam) Lord
- emperor
- (colloquial, derogatory) person of a specified type
- agent; agency
- party; entity
- 事主 ― shìzhǔ ― party (in a dispute, especially the one bringing forth the dispute)
- main; primary; principal; major
- to be in charge; to lead; to command
- 主事 ― zhǔshì ― to be in charge
- to indicate; to signify
- (grammar) Short for 主語/主语 (zhǔyǔ).
- (historical) Short for 公主 (gōngzhǔ).
- a surname
Compounds edit
- 世主 (shìzhǔ)
- 主上 (zhǔshàng)
- 主事 (zhǔshì)
- 主人 (zhǔrén)
- 主任 (zhǔrèn)
- 主佛
- 主位 (zhǔwèi)
- 主使 (zhǔshǐ)
- 主依
- 主修 (zhǔxiū)
- 主傅
- 主僕/主仆 (zhǔpú)
- 主兒/主儿 (zhǔr)
- 主公 (zhǔgōng)
- 主刀 (zhǔdāo)
- 主刑 (zhǔxíng)
- 主力 (zhǔlì)
- 主動/主动 (zhǔdòng)
- 主動脈/主动脉 (zhǔdòngmài)
- 主名
- 主唱 (zhǔchàng)
- 主單位/主单位
- 主器
- 主因 (zhǔyīn)
- 主坐
- 主場/主场
- 主委 (zhǔwěi)
- 主婚
- 主婦/主妇 (zhǔfù)
- 主嫌
- 主子 (zhǔzi)
- 主客 (zhǔkè)
- 主家
- 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
- 主審/主审 (zhǔshěn)
- 主將/主将 (zhǔjiàng)
- 主導/主导 (zhǔdǎo)
- 主峰 (zhǔfēng)
- 主帥/主帅 (zhǔshuài)
- 主席 (zhǔxí)
- 主幣/主币
- 主幹/主干 (zhǔgàn)
- 主座
- 主廚/主厨 (zhǔchú)
- 主張/主张 (zhǔzhāng)
- 主從/主从 (zhǔcóng)
- 主意
- 主戰/主战 (zhǔzhàn)
- 主持 (zhǔchí)
- 主持人 (zhǔchírén)
- 主控
- 主掌 (zhǔzhǎng)
- 主播 (zhǔbō)
- 主攻 (zhǔgōng)
- 主政
- 主教
- 主文
- 主日 (zhǔrì)
- 主旨 (zhǔzhǐ)
- 主星
- 主板 (zhǔbǎn)
- 主格 (zhǔgé)
- 主根 (zhǔgēn)
- 主機/主机 (zhǔjī)
- 主權/主权 (zhǔquán)
- 主次 (zhǔcì)
- 主歌 (zhǔgē)
- 主母
- 主治 (zhǔzhì)
- 主法
- 主流 (zhǔliú)
- 主演 (zhǔyǎn)
- 主焦點/主焦点
- 主父
- 主犯 (zhǔfàn)
- 主盟
- 主監/主监
- 主祭 (zhǔjì)
- 主稿
- 主筆/主笔 (zhǔbǐ)
- 主管 (zhǔguǎn)
- 主簿 (zhǔbù)
- 主編/主编 (zhǔbiān)
- 主線/主线 (zhǔxiàn)
- 主罰/主罚
- 主義/主义 (zhǔyì)
- 主翁
- 主考 (zhǔkǎo)
- 主脈/主脉
- 主腰 (zhǔyāo)
- 主腦/主脑 (zhǔnǎo)
- 主臣
- 主菜 (zhǔcài)
- 主要 (zhǔyào)
- 主見/主见 (zhǔjiàn)
- 主觀/主观 (zhǔguān)
- 主觀主義/主观主义 (zhǔguān zhǔyì)
- 主觀唯心主義/主观唯心主义
- 主觀能動性/主观能动性 (zhǔguān néngdòngxìng)
- 主角
- 主計/主计
- 主詞/主词
- 主試/主试
- 主語/主语 (zhǔyǔ)
- 主調/主调
- 主謀/主谋 (zhǔmóu)
- 主講/主讲 (zhǔjiǎng)
- 主議/主议
- 主軸/主轴 (zhǔzhóu)
- 主辦/主办 (zhǔbàn)
- 主辯/主辩
- 主隊/主队 (zhǔduì)
- 主靜/主静
- 主音 (zhǔyīn)
- 主頁/主页 (zhǔyè)
- 主題/主题 (zhǔtí)
- 主顧/主顾 (zhǔgù)
- 主食 (zhǔshí)
- 主體/主体 (zhǔtǐ)
- 主麻
- 事主 (shìzhǔ)
- 人主 (rénzhǔ)
- 作主 (zuòzhǔ)
- 借主
- 做主 (zuòzhǔ)
- 債主/债主 (zhàizhǔ)
- 先主
- 內主/内主
- 公主 (gōngzhǔ)
- 化主
- 原主 (yuánzhǔ)
- 名主
- 君主 (jūnzhǔ)
- 售主
- 喪主/丧主
- 嗣主
- 國主/国主
- 團主/团主
- 地主 (dìzhǔ)
- 地主神 (dìzhǔshén)
- 地基主 (dìjīzhǔ)
- 夫主
- 天主 (Tiānzhǔ)
- 太主
- 失主 (shīzhǔ)
- 奧主/奥主
- 女主 (nǚzhǔ)
- 宗主 (zōngzhǔ)
- 家主 (jiāzhǔ)
- 寄主 (jìzhǔ)
- 宿主 (sùzhǔ)
- 寨主
- 局主
- 屋主 (wūzhǔ)
- 幼主 (yòuzhǔ)
- 店主 (diànzhǔ)
- 府主
- 座主
- 庵主
- 廢主/废主 (fèizhǔ)
- 廟主/庙主
- 後主/后主
- 得主 (dézhǔ)
- 戶主/户主 (hùzhǔ)
- 房主 (fángzhǔ)
- 故主
- 教主 (jiàozhǔ)
- 教權主義/教权主义 (jiàoquánzhǔyì)
- 施主 (shīzhǔ)
- 昏主
- 易主 (yìzhǔ)
- 明主 (míngzhǔ)
- 星主
- 木主 (mùzhǔ)
- 本主
- 東主/东主 (dōngzhǔ)
- 板主 (bǎnzhǔ)
- 業主/业主 (yèzhǔ)
- 樁主/桩主
- 母主
- 民主 (mínzhǔ)
- 浴主
- 浪漫主義/浪漫主义 (làngmàn zhǔyì)
- 火主 (huǒzhǔ)
- 無主/无主 (wúzhǔ)
- 爵主
- 牧主
- 物主 (wùzhǔ)
- 田主 (tiánzhǔ)
- 盟主 (méngzhǔ)
- 真主 (zhēnzhǔ)
- 神主 (shénzhǔ)
- 祭主
- 禁慾主義/禁欲主义 (jìnyùzhǔyì)
- 窩主/窝主
- 縣主/县主
- 翁主
- 聖主/圣主 (shèngzhǔ)
- 背主 (bèizhǔ)
- 自主 (zìzhǔ)
- 船主 (chuánzhǔ)
- 苦主 (kǔzhǔ)
- 莊主/庄主 (zhuāngzhǔ)
- 行主
- 觀主/观主
- 誼主/谊主
- 謀主/谋主
- 財主/财主
- 貨主/货主 (huòzhǔ)
- 買主/买主 (mǎizhǔ)
- 貴主/贵主
- 賓主/宾主 (bīnzhǔ)
- 賣主/卖主 (màizhǔ)
- 車主/车主 (chēzhǔ)
- 郎主
- 郡主 (jùnzhǔ)
- 閣主/阁主
- 院主
- 隊主/队主
- 雄主
- 雇主 (gùzhǔ)
- 霸主 (bàzhǔ)
- 領主/领主 (lǐngzhǔ)
- 頭主/头主
- 題主/题主 (tízhǔ)
- 顧主/顾主
- 飼主/饲主
- 點主/点主
- 齋主/斋主
Descendants edit
Others:
Pronunciation 2 edit
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
- Wade–Giles: chu4
- Yale: jù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions edit
主
References edit
- “主”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese edit
Shinjitai | 主 | |
Kyūjitai [1][2][3] |
主󠄁 主+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
|
主󠄃 主+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji edit
Readings edit
- Go-on: す (su, Jōyō †)←す (su, historical)
- Kan-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)←しゆ (syu, historical)
- Kun: あるじ (aruji, 主); おも (omo, 主, Jōyō); ぬし (nushi, 主, Jōyō); つかさどる (tsukasadoru, 主る)
Compounds edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
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主 |
しゅ Grade: 3 |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 主 (MC tsyuX).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Synonyms edit
Proper noun edit
- the Lord
- 主の兄弟ヤコブ
- Shu no kyōdai Yakobu
- James, brother of the Lord
- 主の兄弟ヤコブ
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
主 |
ぬし Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 主 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 主, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
主 |
おも Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 主 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 主, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
主 |
あるじ Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 主 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 主, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References edit
- ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “主”, in 字通 (Jitsū)[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
- ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, , page 62 (paper), page 81 (digital)
- ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, , page 56 (paper), page 40 (digital)
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Chinese 主 (MC tsyuX). Recorded as Middle Korean 쥬〮 (cyú) (Yale: cyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja edit
主 (eumhun 임금 주 (imgeum ju))
主 (eumhun 주인 주 (ju'in ju))
Compounds edit
- 주요 (主要, juyo)
- 주인 (主人, ju'in, “master, host”)
- 주권 (主權, jugwon, “sovereignty”)
- 주객 (主客, jugaek, “host and guest”)
- 주부 (主婦, jubu, “housewife”)
- 주범 (主犯, jubeom, “main culprit”)
- 주인공 (主人公, ju'in'gong, “protagonist”)
- 민주주의 (民主主義, minjujuui, “democracy”)
- 공산주의 (共産主義, gongsanjuui, “communism”)
- 공주 (公主, gongju, “princess”)
References edit
- Naver Hanja Dictionary: 主
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
主: Hán Việt readings: chủ, chúa
主: Nôm readings: chúa, chủ
- chữ Hán form of chủ (“owner”).
- Nôm form of chúa (“retired father of a king”).
- Nôm form of Chúa (“God; Christ; Lord”).
Usage notes edit
- Despite being a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading, chúa is still used as Sino-Vietnamese in a few compounds such as Chúa nhật, công chúa, quận chúa, lãnh chúa, Thiên Chúa.
Compounds edit
References edit
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading ぬし
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つかさど-る
- Japanese terms spelled with 主 read as しゅ
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 主
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 主 read as ぬし
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms spelled with 主 read as おも
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with 主 read as あるじ
- ja:God
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean Han characters
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom