作用

Chinese

		to regard as; to take (somebody) for; to do to regard as; to take (somebody) for; to do; to make	to use
simp. and trad. (作用)		作	用
anagram		用作

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zuòyòng

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄩㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zok³ jung⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chok-yung
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chok-iōng / chò-iōng

(Teochew, Peng'im): zag⁴ êng⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zuòyòng → zuòyong (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄩㄥˋ → ㄗㄨㄛˋ ˙ㄩㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zuòyo̊ng
  - Wade–Giles: tso⁴-yung⁵
  - Yale: dzwò-yung
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoh.yonq
  - Palladius: цзоюн (czojun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jʊŋ⁵¹/ → /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ jʊŋ¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zok³ jung⁶
  - Yale: jok yuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzok⁸ jung⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zog³ yung⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːk̚³ jʊŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chok-yung
  - Hakka Romanization System: zog` iung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zog⁵ yung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sok̚² i̯uŋ⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chok-yung
  - Hakka Romanization System: zog` (r)iung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zog⁵ yung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sok̚² (j)i̯uŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chok-iōng
  - Tâi-lô: tsok-iōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zok'iong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ iɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chò-iōng
  - Tâi-lô: tsò-iōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoiriong
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡so¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zag⁴ êng⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsak ēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sak̚²⁻⁴ eŋ¹¹/

Noun

作用

function; role; purpose
發揮決定性作用／发挥决定性作用 ― fāhuī juédìngxìng zuòyòng ― to play a decisive role

它在這個過程中起什麼作用？ [MSC, trad.]
它在这个过程中起什么作用？ [MSC, simp.]
Tā zài zhège guòchéng zhōng qǐ shénme zuòyòng? [Pinyin]
What role does it play in this process?

拐杖的作用是幫助行動不便的人。 [MSC, trad.]
拐杖的作用是帮助行动不便的人。 [MSC, simp.]
Guǎizhàng de zuòyòng shì bāngzhù xíngdòng bùbiàn de rén. [Pinyin]
The purpose of a walking stick is to assist those those with mobility issues.

空調的作用是製冷。 [MSC, trad.]
空调的作用是制冷。 [MSC, simp.]
Kōngtiáo de zuòyòng shì zhìlěng. [Pinyin]
The function of air conditioning is to lower the temperature.
effect; action
這個藥的作用很強，讓我有點不舒服。 [MSC, trad.]
这个药的作用很强，让我有点不舒服。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhège yào de zuòyòng hěn qiáng, ràng wǒ yǒudiǎn bùshūfu. [Pinyin]
The effect of this drug is quite strong and has made me a bit ill.

在這個技術的作用下，人們可以生活得更方便。 [MSC, trad.]
在这个技术的作用下，人们可以生活得更方便。 [MSC, simp.]
Zài zhège jìshù de zuòyòng xià, rénmen kěyǐ shēnghuó de gèng fāngbiàn. [Pinyin]
(The effects of) This technology can make our lives more convenient.

服食這藥也有增強免疫力的作用。 [MSC, trad.]
服食这药也有增强免疫力的作用。 [MSC, simp.]
Fúshí zhè yào yě yǒu zēngqiáng miǎnyìlì de zuòyòng. [Pinyin]
Taking this drug also has the effect of strengthening immunity.

Synonyms

(function):

力 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
功能 (gōngnéng)
性能 (xìngnéng)
機能／机能 (jīnéng)
職能／职能 (zhínéng)

(effect): 關係／关系 (guānxì), 影響／影响 (yǐngxiǎng)

Derived terms

Verb

作用

to act on; to affect

Synonyms

波及 (bōjí)
(literary) 濫觴／滥觞 (lànshāng)
影響／影响 (yǐngxiǎng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (作用):

→ Japanese: 作用(さよう) (sayō)
→ Korean: 작용(作用) (jagyong)
→ Vietnamese: tác dụng (作用)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
作	用
さ Grade: 2	よう Grade: 2
on’yomi	kan’on

作用 on Japanese Wikipedia

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さよー [sáꜜyòò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [sa̠jo̞ː]

Noun

作(さ)用(よう) • (sayō) ^{←さよう (sayou)^?}

Derived terms

Verb

作(さ)用(よう)する • (sayō suru) ^{←さよう (sayou)^?}intransitive suru (stem 作(さ)用(よう)し (sayō shi), past 作(さ)用(よう)した (sayō shita))

to act on

Conjugation

Conjugation of "作用する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	作用し	さようし	sayō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	作用し	さようし	sayō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	作用する	さようする	sayō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	作用する	さようする	sayō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	作用すれ	さようすれ	sayō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	作用せよ¹ 作用しろ²	さようせよ¹ さようしろ²	sayō seyo¹ sayō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	作用される	さようされる	sayō sareru
Causative	作用させる作用さす	さようさせるさようさす	sayō saseru sayō sasu
Potential	作用できる	さようできる	sayō dekiru
Volitional	作用しよう	さようしよう	sayō shiyō
Negative	作用しない	さようしない	sayō shinai
Negative continuative	作用せず	さようせず	sayō sezu
Formal	作用します	さようします	sayō shimasu
Perfective	作用した	さようした	sayō shita
Conjunctive	作用して	さようして	sayō shite
Hypothetical conditional	作用すれば	さようすれば	sayō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
作	用

Noun

作用 • (jagyong) (hangeul 작용)

Hanja form^? of 작용 (“operation; effect; action”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
作	用

Noun

作用

chữ Hán form of tác dụng (“effect; efficacy”).

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]