Wiktionary

dual

See also: Dual, duel, and duál

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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PIE word
*dwóh₁

Borrowed from Latin dualis (“two”), from duo (“two”) + adjective suffix -alis.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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dual (not comparable)

  1. Characterized by having two (usually equivalent) components.
    Synonyms: double, twin; see also Thesaurus:dual
    a dual-motor vehicle
  2. Pertaining to two, pertaining to a pair of.
    Synonyms: double, duplicate; see also Thesaurus:twofold
    dual engine failure
    dual citizenship
    • 2020, Grace Ying May, “Women Disciplining Men: A Biblical Pattern of Leadership”, in Aída Besançon Spencer, William David Spencer, editors, Christian Egalitarian Leadership: Empowering the Whole Church According to the Scriptures, page 48:
      Both Deborah and Samuel held dual roles as judges and prophets.
  3. (grammar) Pertaining to a grammatical number in certain languages that refers to two of something, such as a pair of shoes.
    Coordinate terms: singular, trial, plural
    Modern Arabic displays a dual number, as did Homeric Greek.
  4. (mathematics, physics) Exhibiting duality.
  5. (linear algebra) Being the space of all linear functionals of (some other space).
    • 2012, Doug Fisher, Hans-J. Lenz, Learning from Data: Artificial Intelligence and Statistics V, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 81:
      Accordingly, a hyperplane in the sample space is dual to a subspace in the variable space.
  6. (category theory) Being the dual of some other category; containing the same objects but with source and target reversed for all morphisms.
    Synonym: opposite
    • 1992, Colin McLarty, Elementary Categories, Elementary Toposes, Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 77:
      Every category is dual to its own dual, so if a statement holds in all categories so does its dual.

Derived terms

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Noun

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dual (plural duals)

  1. Of an item that is one of a pair, the other item in the pair.
  2. (geometry) Of a regular polyhedron with V vertices and F faces, the regular polyhedron having F vertices and V faces.
    The octahedron is the dual of the cube.
  3. (grammar) The dual number.
  4. (mathematics) Of a vector in an inner product space, the linear functional corresponding to taking the inner product with that vector. The set of all duals is a vector space called the dual space.

Derived terms

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Translations

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See also

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Verb

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dual (third-person singular simple present duals, present participle (UK) dualling or (US) dualing, simple past and past participle (UK) dualled or (US) dualed)

  1. (transitive) To convert from single to dual; specifically, to convert a single-carriageway road to a dual carriageway.
    • 1994, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Parliamentary Debates:
      I have to declare an interest and I do so with some ambivalence because if the road is dualled it is likely to take half of my front garden.
    • 2006, David Lowe, Intermodal Freight Transport, page 163:
      The power generation and propulsion systems are dualled to accommodate component failure and maintain propulsion at reduced speed should any part of one system be lost.
    • 2021 September 22, “Network News: Nexus increases Tyne and Wear Metro train order to 46”, in RAIL, number 940, page 23:
      The investment will allow Nexus to increase service frequencies, reduce journey times, and improve reliability by dualling three sections of line between Pelaw and South Shields.

Anagrams

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French

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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dual (feminine duale, masculine plural duaux, feminine plural duales)

  1. dual

Noun

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dual m (plural duaux)

  1. dual

Further reading

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German

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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dual (strong nominative masculine singular dualer, not comparable)

  1. dual

Declension

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Positive forms of dual (uncomparable)
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist dual sie ist dual es ist dual sie sind dual
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative dualer duale duales duale
genitive dualen dualer dualen dualer
dative dualem dualer dualem dualen
accusative dualen duale duales duale
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der duale die duale das duale die dualen
genitive des dualen der dualen des dualen der dualen
dative dem dualen der dualen dem dualen den dualen
accusative den dualen die duale das duale die dualen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein dualer eine duale ein duales (keine) dualen
genitive eines dualen einer dualen eines dualen (keiner) dualen
dative einem dualen einer dualen einem dualen (keinen) dualen
accusative einen dualen eine duale ein duales (keine) dualen

Further reading

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  • “dual” in Duden online
  • “dual” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Irish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /d̪ˠuəl̪ˠ/, /d̪ˠuəlˠ/

Etymology 1

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From Old Irish dúal (“tress, lock of hair”), from Proto-Celtic *doklos, from Proto-Indo-European *doḱlos (compare Icelandic tagl (“horse’s tail”), Old English tæġl, English tail).

Noun

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dual m (genitive singular duail, nominative plural duail)

  1. lock, tress
    Synonyms: dlaoi, dual gruaige
  2. wisp, tuft
    Synonym: dlaoi
  3. ply, strand
  4. twist, twine
  5. spiral, whirl
Declension
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Declension of dual

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative dual duail
Vocative a dhuail a dhuala
Genitive duail dual
Dative dual duail

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an dual na duail
Genitive an duail na ndual
Dative leis an dual

don dual

leis na duail

Derived terms
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Verb

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dual (present analytic dualann, future analytic dualfaidh, verbal noun dualadh, past participle dualta)

  1. (transitive) twine
  2. (transitive) braid, coil
  3. (transitive) interlace, fold
Conjugation
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conjugation of dual (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present dualaim dualann tú;
dualair† 		dualann sé, sí dualaimid dualann sibh dualann siad;
dualaid† 		a dhualann; a dhualas /
a ndualann*; a ndualas* 		dualtar
past dhual mé; dhualas dhual tú; dhualais dhual sé, sí dhualamar; dhual muid dhual sibh; dhualabhair dhual siad; dhualadar a dhual /
ar dhual* 		dualadh
past habitual dhualainn / ndualainn‡‡ dhualtá / ndualtᇇ dhualadh sé, sí / ndualadh sé, s퇇 dhualaimis; dhualadh muid / ndualaimis‡‡; ndualadh muid‡‡ dhualadh sibh / ndualadh sibh‡‡ dhualaidís; dhualadh siad / ndualaidís‡‡; ndualadh siad‡‡ a dhualadh /
a ndualadh* 		dhualtaí / ndualta퇇
future dualfaidh mé;
dualfad 		dualfaidh tú;
dualfair† 		dualfaidh sé, sí dualfaimid;
dualfaidh muid 		dualfaidh sibh dualfaidh siad;
dualfaid† 		a dhualfaidh; a dhualfas /
a ndualfaidh*; a ndualfas* 		dualfar
conditional dhualfainn / ndualfainn‡‡ dhualfá / ndualfᇇ dhualfadh sé, sí / ndualfadh sé, s퇇 dhualfaimis; dhualfadh muid / ndualfaimis‡‡; ndualfadh muid‡‡ dhualfadh sibh / ndualfadh sibh‡‡ dhualfaidís; dhualfadh siad / ndualfaidís‡‡; ndualfadh siad‡‡ a dhualfadh /
a ndualfadh* 		dhualfaí / ndualfa퇇
subjunctive present go nduala mé;
go ndualad† 		go nduala tú;
go ndualair† 		go nduala sé, sí go ndualaimid;
go nduala muid 		go nduala sibh go nduala siad;
go ndualaid† 		— go ndualtar
past dá ndualainn dá ndualtá dá ndualadh sé, sí dá ndualaimis;
dá ndualadh muid 		dá ndualadh sibh dá ndualaidís;
dá ndualadh siad 		— dá ndualtaí
imperative dualaim dual dualadh sé, sí dualaimis dualaigí;
dualaidh† 		dualaidís — dualtar
verbal noun dualadh
past participle dualta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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dual m (genitive singular duail, nominative plural duail)

  1. dowel
  2. knot (in timber)
    Synonyms: alt, cranra
Declension
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Declension of dual

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative dual duail
Vocative a dhuail a dhuala
Genitive duail dual
Dative dual duail

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an dual na duail
Genitive an duail na ndual
Dative leis an dual

don dual

leis na duail

Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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From Old Irish dúal (“that which belongs or is proper to an individual by nature or descent”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ-.

Adjective

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dual (genitive singular masculine duail, genitive singular feminine duaile, plural duala, comparative duaile)

  1. native, natural
    Is dual dó a bheith leisciúil. ― He is naturally lazy.
    Ní dual don diabhal bheith díomhaoin.
    No rest for the wicked.
    (literally, “It is not in the devil's nature to be idle.”)
  2. proper, fitting
  3. in the natural order of things
  4. fated
  5. possible
Declension
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Declension of dual
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative dual dhual duala;
dhuala²
Vocative dhuail duala
Genitive duale duala dual
Dative dual;
dhual¹ 		dhual;
dhuail (archaic) 		duala;
dhuala²
Comparative níos duale
Superlative is duale

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

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Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
dual dhual ndual
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

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Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /duˈaw/ [dʊˈaʊ̯], (faster pronunciation) /ˈdwaw/ [ˈdwaʊ̯]
 

  • Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
  • Hyphenation: du‧al

Adjective

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dual m or f (plural duais, not comparable)

  1. dual (having two elements)

Derived terms

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French duel, from Latin dualis.

Noun

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dual n (plural duale)

  1. (grammar) dual

Declension

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Declension of dual
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) dual dualul (niște) duale dualele
genitive/dative (unui) dual dualului (unor) duale dualelor
vocative dualule dualelor

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish dúal (“that which belongs or is proper to an individual by nature or descent”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ-.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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dual (comparative duaile)

  1. hereditary
  2. usual, natural
    'S dual do phoileasman a bhith amharasach. ― It's natural for a policeman to be suspicious.

Noun

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dual m (genitive singular duail, plural dualan)

  1. birthright
    Synonym: còir-bhreith
  2. due
  3. something which is natural and/or usual
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Old Irish dúal (“tress, lock of hair”), from Proto-Celtic *doklos, from Proto-Indo-European *doḱlos.

Noun

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dual m (genitive singular duail, plural dualan)

  1. curl, lock of hair
  2. plait, strand, braid, or fold
  3. ringlet

Verb

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dual (past dhual, future dualidh, verbal noun dualadh, past participle dualte)

  1. plait, twist
  2. loop, curl
  3. fold
  4. link

Mutation

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Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
dual dhual
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  • MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “dual”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎[1], Stirling, →ISBN, page 145

Further reading

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Spanish

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Etymology

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From Latin duālis.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈdwal/ [ˈd̪wal]
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: dual

Adjective

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dual m or f (masculine and feminine plural duales)

  1. dual
  2. (grammar) dual

Derived terms

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Further reading

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