Wiktionary

er-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "er"

Dutch

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- in unstressed positions. The Middle Dutch er- prefix mostly merged with ver- and her- in Modern Dutch. The current prefix is therefore either a direct continuation of this prefix or loaned from Old High German ir-, Middle High German er-. A prefix with the same origin but in stressed positions is oor-.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ər/, /ɛr/
  • Audio:(file)

Prefix

edit

er-

  1. Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates the cause or beginning of an action.

Derived terms

edit
Dutch terms prefixed with er-

German

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle High German er-, from Old High German ir-, from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz-. Cognate with Old Saxon ā-, English a-.

Pronunciation

edit

Prefix

edit

er-

  1. Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates a successful conclusion, leads to the wanted result.
  2. Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates killing or dying.
    ‎er- + ‎drücken (“to push, squeeze”) → ‎erdrücken (“to squeeze dead”)
    ‎er- + ‎frieren (“to freeze”) → ‎erfrieren (“to freeze to death”)
  3. Prefix signifying a notion of getting something by some means, usually through conscious effort.
    ‎er- + ‎arbeiten (“to work”) → ‎erarbeiten (“to gain something by means of working for it”)

Usage notes

edit
  • In sense 3, the prefix is of almost unlimited productivity, provided that the underlying verb has initial stress. Such random constructs as sich etwas ertanzen (“to get something by dancing”), sich etwas erkuscheln (“to get something by cuddling”), etwas ergoogeln (“to find information by googling it”), etc., are all possible and intelligible.

Derived terms

edit
German terms prefixed with er-
Derived terms

Swedish

edit

Etymology

edit

From German er-, from Old High German ir-, and/or from Middle Low German er-, from Old Saxon ā-, both from Proto-Germanic *uz-.

Prefix

edit

er-

  1. Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates an emphasizing meaning

Derived terms

edit
Swedish terms prefixed with er-
Derived terms

Anagrams

edit

Tocharian B

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Tocharian *er- (whence also Tocharian A ar-), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).

Verb

edit

er-

  1. to evoke, call up
  2. to produce, yield, bring forth

Further reading

edit
  • Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “er-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 98-99

Welsh

edit

Etymology

edit

i-affected form of ar-.

Prefix

edit

er-

  1. on, above, sur-, super-, epi-
    ‎er- + ‎glynu (“to attach”) → ‎erlyn (“to pursue, prosecute”)

Derived terms

edit
Welsh terms prefixed with er-

Mutation

edit
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
er- unchanged unchanged her-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

edit
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “er-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=er-&oldid=79695448"