soutenir
French
editEtymology
editInherited from Middle French soubtenir, from Old French sustenir, soustenir, from Vulgar Latin *sustenīre, from Latin sustinēre.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editsoutenir
- (transitive) to support
- (transitive) to keep up
- to maintain (that)
- to argue
Conjugation
editThis is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -tenir, such as contenir and détenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose the past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start in one of these thematic vowels (-a-, -i-, -u-).
Conjugation of soutenir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | soutenir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | soutenant /sut.nɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | soutenu /sut.ny/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | soutiens /su.tjɛ̃/ |
soutiens /su.tjɛ̃/ |
soutient /su.tjɛ̃/ |
soutenons /sut.nɔ̃/ |
soutenez /sut.ne/ |
soutiennent /su.tjɛn/ |
imperfect | soutenais /sut.nɛ/ |
soutenais /sut.nɛ/ |
soutenait /sut.nɛ/ |
soutenions /su.tə.njɔ̃/ |
souteniez /su.tə.nje/ |
soutenaient /sut.nɛ/ | |
past historic2 | soutins /su.tɛ̃/ |
soutins /su.tɛ̃/ |
soutint /su.tɛ̃/ |
soutînmes /su.tɛ̃m/ |
soutîntes /su.tɛ̃t/ |
soutinrent /su.tɛ̃ʁ/ | |
future | soutiendrai /su.tjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
soutiendras /su.tjɛ̃.dʁa/ |
soutiendra /su.tjɛ̃.dʁa/ |
soutiendrons /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
soutiendrez /su.tjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
soutiendront /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | soutiendrais /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
soutiendrais /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
soutiendrait /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
soutiendrions /su.tjɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
soutiendriez /su.tjɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
soutiendraient /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | soutienne /su.tjɛn/ |
soutiennes /su.tjɛn/ |
soutienne /su.tjɛn/ |
soutenions /su.tə.njɔ̃/ |
souteniez /su.tə.nje/ |
soutiennent /su.tjɛn/ |
imperfect2 | soutinsse /su.tɛ̃s/ |
soutinsses /su.tɛ̃s/ |
soutînt /su.tɛ̃/ |
soutinssions /su.tɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
soutinssiez /su.tɛ̃.sje/ |
soutinssent /su.tɛ̃s/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | soutiens /su.tjɛ̃/ |
— | soutenons /sut.nɔ̃/ |
soutenez /sut.ne/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “soutenir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
editNorman
editEtymology
editFrom Old French sustenir, from Latin sustineo.
Verb
editsoutenir
- to support
Conjugation
editinfinitive | soutenir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | soutenant | ||||||
auxiliary | aveir1 | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | soutint | soutinte | |||||
plural | soutints | soutintes | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | je (j') | tu (t') | il, alle, nos |
je (nos) |
vos | il, alles | |
present | soutiens | soutiens | soutient | soutenoms | soutenez | soutiennent | |
imperfect | souteneis | souteneis | souteneit | soutenioms | souteniez | souteneient | |
preterite | soutins | soutins | soutint | soutînmes | soutîntes | soutîntrent | |
future | soutiendrai | soutiendras | soutiendra | soutiendroms | soutiendrez | soutiendront | |
conditional | soutiendreis | soutiendreis | soutiendreit | soutiendrioms | soutiendriez | soutiendreient | |
subjunctive | que je (j') | que te (t') | qu'il, qu'alle, que nos |
que je (que nos) |
que vos | qu'il, qu'alles | |
present | soutienne | soutiennes | soutienne | soutenioms | souteniez | soutiennent | |
imperfect | soutinsse | soutinsses | soutînt soutinsse |
soutinssioms | soutinssiez | soutinssent | |
imperative | — | tu | — | je (nos) |
vos | — | |
soutiens | soutenoms | soutenez | |||||
1Used with past participles. |
Related terms
editCategories:
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French transitive verbs
- French verbs with conjugation tenir
- French third group verbs
- French irregular verbs
- Norman terms inherited from Old French
- Norman terms derived from Old French
- Norman terms inherited from Latin
- Norman terms derived from Latin
- Norman lemmas
- Norman verbs