sumu

See also: šumu and šūmū

English

Etymology

From Mandarin 蘇木／苏木 (sūmù), from Mongolian ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu), from Manchu ᠨᡳᡵᡠ (niru, “a large arrow, militia company, district”). Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *sumun (“arrow”).

Noun

sumu (plural sumu or sumus)

1. Alternative form of sum (“Mongolian administrative division”), sometimes used in relation to Inner Mongolia.

Anagrams

• USUM, umus

Dongxiang

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *sumun, compare Mongolian сум (sum).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suˈmu/

Noun

sumu

1. arrow

Estonian

Etymology

From Finnish sumu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsumu/, [ˈsumu]
• Rhymes: -umu
• Hyphenation: su‧mu

Noun

sumu (genitive sumu, partitive sumu)

1. haze, mist

   Synonym: udu

Declension

Declension of sumu (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		sumu	sumud
accusative	nom.
	gen.	sumu
genitive			sumude
partitive		sumu	sumusid
illative		summu sumusse	sumudesse
inessive		sumus	sumudes
elative		sumust	sumudest
allative		sumule	sumudele
adessive		sumul	sumudel
ablative		sumult	sumudelt
translative		sumuks	sumudeks
terminative		sumuni	sumudeni
essive		sumuna	sumudena
abessive		sumuta	sumudeta
comitative		sumuga	sumudega

Derived terms

• sumune

 

References

• sumu in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
• “sumu”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sumu. Related to sumea, Ingrian sumu, Karelian sumu, Veps sumeg. Possible non-Balto-Finnic cognates include Northern Sami sopmu (probably borrowed from Finnic) and Erzya сув (suv).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsumu/, [ˈs̠umu]
• Rhymes: -umu
• Syllabification^(key): su‧mu

Noun

sumu

1. fog, mist
2. (astronomy) nebula

Usage notes

• The words sumu, usva and utu all describe "water vapor lightly suspended near the ground", but – strictly speaking – at different degrees. However, they may often be used synonymously with no discretion.
  • Utu describes very light vapor near the ground, especially that occurring in the morning and therefore it is translated usually as "mist" or "haze".
  • Usva describes a bit thicker vapor than utu near the ground, especially when considering the water travelling conditions. Therefore, it is translated usually as "mist", "haze" or "fog".
  • Sumu describes very thick vapor obscuring the visibility near the ground and thus, it is translated usually as "mist" or "fog".

Declension

Inflection of sumu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		sumu	sumut
genitive		sumun	sumujen
partitive		sumua	sumuja
illative		sumuun	sumuihin
		singular	plural
nominative		sumu	sumut
accusative	nom.	sumu	sumut
	gen.	sumun
genitive		sumun	sumujen
partitive		sumua	sumuja
inessive		sumussa	sumuissa
elative		sumusta	sumuista
illative		sumuun	sumuihin
adessive		sumulla	sumuilla
ablative		sumulta	sumuilta
allative		sumulle	sumuille
essive		sumuna	sumuina
translative		sumuksi	sumuiksi
abessive		sumutta	sumuitta
instructive		—	sumuin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of sumu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sumuni sumuni accusative nom. sumuni sumuni gen. sumuni genitive sumuni sumujeni partitive sumuani sumujani inessive sumussani sumuissani elative sumustani sumuistani illative sumuuni sumuihini adessive sumullani sumuillani ablative sumultani sumuiltani allative sumulleni sumuilleni essive sumunani sumuinani translative sumukseni sumuikseni abessive sumuttani sumuittani instructive — — comitative — sumuineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sumusi sumusi accusative nom. sumusi sumusi gen. sumusi genitive sumusi sumujesi partitive sumuasi sumujasi inessive sumussasi sumuissasi elative sumustasi sumuistasi illative sumuusi sumuihisi adessive sumullasi sumuillasi ablative sumultasi sumuiltasi allative sumullesi sumuillesi essive sumunasi sumuinasi translative sumuksesi sumuiksesi abessive sumuttasi sumuittasi instructive — — comitative — sumuinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sumumme sumumme accusative nom. sumumme sumumme gen. sumumme genitive sumumme sumujemme partitive sumuamme sumujamme inessive sumussamme sumuissamme elative sumustamme sumuistamme illative sumuumme sumuihimme adessive sumullamme sumuillamme ablative sumultamme sumuiltamme allative sumullemme sumuillemme essive sumunamme sumuinamme translative sumuksemme sumuiksemme abessive sumuttamme sumuittamme instructive — — comitative — sumuinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sumunne sumunne accusative nom. sumunne sumunne gen. sumunne genitive sumunne sumujenne partitive sumuanne sumujanne inessive sumussanne sumuissanne elative sumustanne sumuistanne illative sumuunne sumuihinne adessive sumullanne sumuillanne ablative sumultanne sumuiltanne allative sumullenne sumuillenne essive sumunanne sumuinanne translative sumuksenne sumuiksenne abessive sumuttanne sumuittanne instructive — — comitative — sumuinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative sumunsa sumunsa accusative nom. sumunsa sumunsa gen. sumunsa genitive sumunsa sumujensa partitive sumuaan sumuansa sumujaan sumujansa inessive sumussaan sumussansa sumuissaan sumuissansa elative sumustaan sumustansa sumuistaan sumuistansa illative sumuunsa sumuihinsa adessive sumullaan sumullansa sumuillaan sumuillansa ablative sumultaan sumultansa sumuiltaan sumuiltansa allative sumulleen sumullensa sumuilleen sumuillensa essive sumunaan sumunansa sumuinaan sumuinansa translative sumukseen sumuksensa sumuikseen sumuiksensa abessive sumuttaan sumuttansa sumuittaan sumuittansa instructive — — comitative — sumuineen sumuinensa

Derived terms

• aamusumu
• emissiosumu
• haihtumissumu
• heijastussumu
• hernerokkasumu
• höyrysumu
• jääsumu
• kaasusumu
• kierteissumu
• kissansilmäsumu
• kyynelsumu
• merisumu
• Orionin sumu
• planetaarinen sumu
• rengassumu
• savusumu
• sekoitussumu
• siirtymäsumu
• Sumiainen
• sumuaine
• sumuharso
• sumuinen
• sumukammio
• sumukuivaus
• sumumainen
• sumumerkki
• sumupaalu
• sumupeite
• sumupilvi
• sumupisara
• sumusireeni
• sumusuihku
• sumuta
• sumutorvi
• sumuttaa
• sumuvaippa
• sumuvalo
• sumuvarjo
• sumuverho
• säteilysumu
• takasumuvalo
• tähtisumu

 

Further reading

• “sumu”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• musu

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sumu. Cognates include Finnish sumu and Livvi sumu.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsumu/, [ˈs̠umu]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsumu/, [ˈʃumu]
• Rhymes: -umu
• Hyphenation: su‧mu
• Homophone: šumu

Noun

sumu

1. Synonym of tomakka

Declension

Declension of sumu (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	sumu	sumut
genitive	sumun	summuin, sumuloin
partitive	summua	sumuja, sumuloja
illative	summuu	summui, sumuloihe
inessive	sumus	sumuis, sumulois
elative	sumust	sumuist, sumuloist
allative	sumulle	sumuille, sumuloille
adessive	sumul	sumuil, sumuloil
ablative	sumult	sumuilt, sumuloilt
translative	sumuks	sumuiks, sumuloiks
essive	sumunna, summuun	sumuinna, sumuloinna, summuin, sumuloin
exessive1)	sumunt	sumuint, sumuloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 550

Japanese

Romanization

sumu

1. Rōmaji transcription of すむ

Swahili

Etymology

From Arabic سُمّ (summ).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

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Noun

sumu (n class, plural sumu)

1. poison
2. venom

Descendants

• → Kikuyu: thumu

Ternate

Etymology

Likely through Proto-Ternate-Tidore, from Malay sumur or Javanese ꦱꦸꦩꦸꦂ (sumur), both from Old Javanese sumur.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.mu/

Noun

sumu

1. a well

Descendants

• → Galela: sumu
• → Loloda: sumu
• → Tobelo: humu (Heleworuru, Boeng)
• → Pagu: sumu
• → Tabaru: sumu

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Yakan

Adverb

sumu

1. tomorrow