tahan

See also: tahán, taħan, and tähän

English

Etymology

From Malay tahan.

Pronunciation

• (Singapore) IPA^(key): /ˈta.han/, [ˈta˧.han˦]

Verb

tahan (invariable)

1. (colloquial, Malaysia, Singapore) To endure; to bear.
   • 2017, Wong Kim Hoh, It Changed My Life: What Tan Swie Hian wants - a free mind, The Sunday Times:

     "Many local artists cannot tahan me," he says, using the Malay word for "tolerate". "If you live next to Picasso, can you tahan or not?"

   • 2017, Zhangxin Zheng, Here’s why you shouldn’t be alarmed by pictures of “flooding” in Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, Mothership.sg

     The 3.2km meandering naturalised river at Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park used to be a 2.7 km long straight concrete Kallang channel in the past, which would not otherwise have been able to tahan as much rainwater as it now does.

   • 2017, 8 Things Malaysians Immediately Do When They Get a New Car... Which One Have You Done?, CILISOS (Current Issues Tambah Pedas)

     If you’re buying a new car, especially a better one than your previous, it’s gonna be able to tahan your need for speed. Step on the pedal only la, why so kancheong?

Derived terms

• buay tahan

Anagrams

• Ahtna, Anath, Athan, athan, tanah, tanha, thana

Estonian

Verb

tahan

1. first-person singular present indicative of tahtma

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay tahan, from Classical Malay تاهن (tahan), from Proto-Malayic *tahən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan (“to hold back, to keep in reserve”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtahan/, [ˈt̪a.han]
• Hyphenation: ta‧han
• Rhymes: -han, -an, -n

Adjective

tahan

1. durable
2. strong
3. tolerate

   Synonym: betah

4. enough, sufficient

   Synonym: cukup

5. resistant

Hyponyms

• tahan air
• tahan api
• tahan banting
• tahan besi
• tahan cuaca
• tahan cuci
• tahan gelombang
• tahan harga
• tahan hati
• tahan hidup
• tahan hina
• tahan karat
• tahan kias
• tahan lama
• tahan lapar
• tahan lasak
• tahan malu
• tahan ombak
• tahan palu
• tahan peluru
• tahan pukul
• tahan sabar
• tahan sesah
• tahan tangan
• tahan tapa
• tahan turut
• tahan uji

 

Derived terms

• bertahan
• bertahan-tahan
• kebertahanan
• ketahanan
• mempertahankan
• menahan
• menahani
• menahankan
• pemertahanan
• penahan
• penahanan
• pertahanan
• tahanan
• tertahan
• tertahan-tahan
• tertahankan

 

Further reading

• “tahan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ta.han/, [ˈt̪ähän]
• Hyphenation: ta‧han
• Rhymes: -han, -an

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayic *tahən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan (“to hold back, to keep in reserve”).

Verb

tahan (Jawi spelling تاهن)

1. to endure, to bear, to withstand, to resist

   tahan lapar ― to endure hunger

   tahan sakit ― to endure the pain

2. to be lasting, to be persisting (in)
3. to be sufficient (for a certain period)
4. (of an object) to be firm, to be strong
5. (of a disease) to improve, to be on the mend

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• bertahan (“to be holding fast to”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)
• dipertahankan (“to be persisted”) [causative passive + patient focus + causative benefactive] (peR- + di- + -kan)
• pertahan (“to be held back”) [causative passive] (peR-)
• pertahani (“to be controlled”) [causative passive + causative (locative) benefactive] (peR- + -i)
• pertahankan (“to be endured”) [causative passive + causative benefactive] (peR- + -kan)
• ketahanan (“defensiveness; durability”) [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
• memertahankan (“to maintain; to preserve”) [causative passive + agent focus + causative benefactive] (peR- + meN- + -kan)
• menahan (“to block; to hold back”) [agent focus] (meN-)
• menahani (“to block; to control”) [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
• menahankan (“to make something durable”) [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• penahan (“defender”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• penahanan (“defending; controlling”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• pertahan (“defence”) [causative passive] (peR-)
• tahanan (“hindrance; obstacle”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• tahankan (“to cause something or someone to block”) [causative benefactive] (-kan)
• tertahan (“to be able to block”) [agentless action] (teR-)
• tertahani (“to be controllable”) [agentless action + causative (locative) benefactive] (teR- + -i)
• tertahan-tahan (“(already be) off and on; disjointed(ly)”) [reduplication + agentless action] (redup + teR-)

Descendants

• Indonesian: tahan
• → Cantonese: 打限 (daa² haan⁶)
• → English: tahan
• → Min Nan: 打限 (tá-hān)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan, *taqən, from Proto-Austronesian *taqan (“to set a trap, to set a snare”).

Verb

tahan (Jawi spelling تاهن)

1. to cast a net (to catch fish), to set a trap (to catch animal, fish, etc.)

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• tertahan (“(already be) cast a net”) [agentless action] (teR-)

Etymology 3

Noun

tahan (Jawi spelling تاهن, plural tahan-tahan, informal 1st possessive tahanku, 2nd possessive tahanmu, 3rd possessive tahannya)

1. (navigation) a rope installed from the top of a mast to the rear of a boat

Further reading

• “tahan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Possibly borrowed from Malay tahan (“holding out against; resistance; restraint; to sustain”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan (“to hold back, to keep in reserve”). Possible doublet of taan.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈtahan/ [ˈtaː.hɐn], /taˈhan/ [tɐˈhan] (noun, interjection)
    • Rhymes: -ahan, -an
  • IPA^(key): /taˈhan/ [tɐˈhan] (adjective)
    • Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: ta‧han

Noun

tahan or tahán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜑᜈ᜔)

1. stopping from crying
2. (loosely) stopping; ceasing (of rain, running, etc.)

   Synonyms: hinto, tigil, humpay, tugot, likat, paghinto, pagtigil, paghumpay, pagtugot, paglikat

3. temporary suspension (of work)

   Synonyms: pagkatigil, pagkapatigil, pagkahinto, pagkapahinto

Derived terms

• itahan
• magpatahan
• magtahan
• makapagpatahan
• pagtahan
• patahanin
• tumahan

 

Interjection

tahan or tahán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜑᜈ᜔)

1. said to someone crying to stop crying: stop crying!

Adjective

tahán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜑᜈ᜔)

1. no longer crying (especially of a baby or child)
2. not moving; resting; at rest

   Synonyms: tigil, nakatigil, hinto, nakahinto

3. not working; resting

   Synonyms: namamahinga, nagpapahinga

Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tahan (“abode, place of residence”), from a metathesis of Proto-Austronesian *taNaS (“village; place of residence”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈtahan/ [ˈtaː.hɐn], /taˈhan/ [tɐˈhan]
• Rhymes: -ahan, -an
• Syllabification: ta‧han

Noun

tahan or tahán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜑᜈ᜔)

1. residing; living (in a house, etc.)

   Synonyms: tira, pagtira, paninirahan

2. temporary stay or sojourn

   Synonyms: tuloy, pagtuloy, panunulayan

3. staying of water in a low place (as after rain)

   Synonym: pamamahay

Derived terms

• haligi ng tahanan
• ilaw ng tahanan
• itahan
• magpatahan
• makapagpatahan
• manahan
• matatahanan
• pagtahan
• pagtahan
• panahanan
• pananahanan
• pantahanan
• patahanan
• patahanin
• patahanin
• tahanan
• tumahan

 

Further reading

• “tahan”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Tetum

Noun

tahan

1. flap
2. leaf
3. page